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unit runs on natural gas, and was commissioned in 1999 at the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Crane, Indiana. A third unit in Berlin, Germany at Bewag Treptow Heating Plant started operating the second half of 1999. In 2001, Ballard completed 10-kW and 60-kW engineering prototype stationary fuel cell generators. Japan: In 2002, Japan nearly doubled its fuel cell R&D budget to $220 million from $119 million. It created a new large-scale Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Development Program to develop PEFC fuel cells for both transport and stationary applications, leaving molten carbonate fuel cell and solid oxide fuel cell R&D under the New Sunshine Program. Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI, now METI) has been sponsoring five companies to develop PEFC technologies since 1992. Sanyo, Toshiba, and Mitsubishi Electric have been developing 2-kW, 10-kW, and 30-kW stacks, respectively. Asahi Chemical Industry and Asahi Glass are developing fuel cell components, including polymer membranes and separators, according to METI documents. In 2002, Japan nearly quadrupled its budget for PEFCs to $156 million and created a 10-year Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Development program, which aims to develop PEFCs for both stationary and transport applications. Japan will equally focus on both stationary and transportation applications. United States: Plug Power has installed over 300 residential systems for unattended operation. Plug Power delivered more than 106 5-kW grid-parallel systems through October 31, 2001, against its milestone of 125 to 150 units for the year. Deliveries included 44 units to the New York State Research & Development Authority and 57 systems to the Long Island Power Authority. P AFC Europe: The Energetic Utility of Milan, the National Agency for Energy, New Technology and Environment (ENEA), and Ansaido Ricerche designed, built, and tested a 1.3 MWe PAFC system in Milan. The powerplant had an actual capacity of 930 kW and an energy efficiency of 38 percent (LHV). It has operated for over 5,000 hours. Japan: Fuji Electric developed a 100 kWe on-site system. To date, they have tested a 50 kW power plant using an innovative cell design that improves electrolyte management. They tested this stack (154 cells) for about 2,000 hours. They have tested 65, 50 kWe units for a total cumulative operating tome of over 1 million hours. They have tested 3, 500 kWe units for a total of 43,437 hours. Their latest design, FP100E, has been shown to have a net AC efficiency of 40.2 percent (LHV). Mitsubishi Electric developed a 200 kWe class on-site powerplant. As of 2002, 11 units were operated in the field with applications ranging from an electric utility to a brewery factory. Four of the units operated for more than 2,000 hours. AFC United Kingdom: ZeTek Power, an UK based company with plants in the US and Europe, is developing alkaline fuel cells. They are putting AFCs in fleet vehicles and boats in Europe. 10-22PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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