PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 015
Catalysts 2021, 11, 482 15 of 19 flux, avoiding undesired liquid drops. All the electrodes were then kept on the heating plate for 15 min before their usage. The electrochemical cell was operated at ambient conditions (1 bar, 20 ◦C). Each GDE was firstly subjected to Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)—both in N2 and in CO2 environment— with an applied potential scanned between 0 and −2.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl until stabilization. Then, the electrochemical behaviour was evaluated with a Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) by applying a potential from 0 to −2.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Finally, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 was carried out for 2 h through a chronoamperometry (CA) to evaluate the selectivity of the catalytic materials. As aforementioned, different catalysts were tested. Three tests were carried out with the Cu-06 catalyst in 1 M KHCO3, specifically at −1.5, −1.75, and −2.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl (the values here specified were corrected by compensating the ohmic potential drop (iR- compensation) by the instrument). Then, the CuZ-06-03 and CuZA-06-03-01 GDEs were tested at −1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Furthermore, the catalyst loading and binder content of the GDE was also studied using the Cu-06 catalyst. Their influence on the electrochemical behaviour of the system was evaluated by performing tests at −1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The gas products analysis was performed using a micro gas-chromatograph (Inficon, Micro GC Fusion Gas Analyzer by Pollution S.r.l., Bologna, Italy). The liquid products were analysed with a liquid chromatograph (Shimadzu HPLC, Prominence model with detector RID-10A, SPD-M20A, ELSD-LT II and RF-20A by Shimadzu Europa GmbH, Duisburg, Germany) and a Gas Chromatograph (Perkin Elmer GC, model Clarus 580) with a Mass Spectrometer (model Clarus SQ8 S) and Head Space (Turbomatrix 16) by PerkinElmer Italia Spa, Milan, Italy. The FE of the electron transfer towards the CO2 reduction products was determined by using the following Equation (1): FE(%)=z·n. ·F ×100, (1) j·A·t where z represents the number of electrons exchanged at the cathode surface, n. is the outlet molar flow rate of each product, j is the current density, t is the reaction time, F is the Faraday constant, and A is the active geometric area. 3.4. Modelling of GDE Local pH In an aqueous electrolyte, at the triple-phase boundary, OH− reacts with CO2 forming carbonates and bicarbonates, thus leading to a complex system involving the transport of these species from the catalyst layer to the electrode/electrolyte interface and the bulk electrolyte, and vice versa [6]. The two major involved reactions are (Equations (2) and (3)): − k1r k1f − 7 CO2(aq) + OH ⇐ ⇒ HCO3 with K1 = 4.44 · 10 [1/M], (2) − −k2rk2f 2− 3 HCO3 +OH ⇐⇒CO3 +H2O withK2 = 4.66·10 [1/M]. (3) The equations governing the mass transport of CO2, OH−, HCO− and CO2− in steady- 33 state conditions were adopted from previous work [25] and can be written as follows in Equations (4)–(7): 0 = D ∂2[CO2] −k [CO ]OH−+k HCO−−Rxn , (4) CO2 ∂x2 1f 2 1r 3 CO2 2 − ∂OH −−−− 2− − − − − 2− +k1f[CO2] OH −k1r HCO3 −k2f HCO3 OH +k2r CO3 , (6) 0=DOH− 0=DHCO− 2 3 ∂x 2 −k1f[CO2] OH +k1r HCO3 −k2f HCO3 OH k2r CO3 +RxnOH−, (5) ∂x 2 − ∂ HCO3PDF Image | Gas Diffusion Electrode Systems for the Electro CO2 Conversion
PDF Search Title:
Gas Diffusion Electrode Systems for the Electro CO2 ConversionOriginal File Name Searched:
catalysts-11-00482.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |