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provides operational experience with a renewable electrolysis hydrogen-production facility, enabling project engineers to investigate operational challenges and to explore system-level integration issues and opportunities for performance and cost improvements resulting from system-level optimization. The project investigates how to maximize the use of renewable energy resources in renewable hydrogen-production systems by optimizing energy transfer from photovoltaic arrays and wind turbines to the stacks of commercial electrolyzers. Finally, the project is designed to explore operational challenges and opportunities related to energy storage systems and their potential for addressing electric system integration issues inherent with high penetrations of variable renewable energy resources. To help enable greater penetration of renewable energy sources, hydrogen production from renewable electrolysis must be cost-competitive. DOE has a target of reducing the cost of central production of hydrogen from wind-based water electrolysis to $3.10/kg by 2012; by 2017 DOE seeks to reduce this cost to less than $2/kg. [1] Electrolyzer manufacturers are improving performance and reducing the capital cost of electrolyzer systems. At the same time, the complete renewable electrolysis system—including the renewable power source, electrolyzer, and interfacing power electronics—must be integrated and optimized to improve system performance and to reduce costs. The Wind2H2 project presents an excellent research platform to investigate these integration and optimization opportunities. To achieve the objectives of the Wind2H2 project, NREL engineers have been working to complete a number of project tasks. These tasks include: • Designing, building, and testing dedicated wind- and PV-to-electrolyzer stack power electronics to more closely integrate the renewable energy resources and electrolyzer stacks • Modeling and simulating renewable electrolysis system performance to enable improved hydrogen-production system designs • Characterizing renewable energy system impacts on commercial electrolyzer technology and the ability to accommodate the varying energy input from wind and PV sources • Sequencing multiple electrolyzer systems to improve overall system efficiency, responsiveness, and performance with varying renewable energy sources. The challenge of renewable electrolysis is designing and implementing systems that can produce hydrogen from renewable sources in a cost-effective way using streamlined, robust, and efficient processes. When the wind turbine or solar array is co-located with the electrolysis system, more direct connection between the source and the electrolyzer stack is possible. This close-coupling eliminates the need for long-distance transportation of electricity and reduces the number of electrical conversions, resulting in a more efficient, cost-effective system. Valuable operational experience is shared through testing, daily operations, and troubleshooting the Wind2H2 system. Equipment errors are logged to help evaluate the reliability of the system. The valuable lessons from this system operational experience will lead to improved design, implementation, and operational plans of renewable electrolysis systems. For example, integrated renewable electrolysis systems require that system components from different manufacturers be configured to function together smoothly. Consequently, programmable logic 14PDF Image | Hydrogen Production: Fundamentals
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