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Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide

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Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide ( membrane-electrode-assembly-modification-by-zeolite-and-grap )

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3 2.3.2 Synthesis of GO ........................................................................................ 60 2.3.3 Graphene Oxide Properties ....................................................................... 62 2.4 Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Composite Membrane............................................62 2.4.1 Methods of Preparation of Inorganic/Organic Composite Membrane......63 2.5 Silicate Nano Composite Membrane................................................................65 2.5.1 Silicate Composite Membrane .................................................................. 65 2.5.2 Medium Silica Zeolite Composite Membrane .......................................... 66 2.5.3 High Silica Zeolite Beta............................................................................66 2.6 Graphene Oxide Nano Composite Membrane .................................................67 2.7 Proton transportation in DMFC........................................................................68 2.8 Effect of Methanol Crossover on Open Circuit Voltage..................................69 2.8.1 Modelling of Fuel Cell Permeability.........................................................70 2.9 Summary ..........................................................................................................71 EXPERIMENTAL WORK AND CHARACTERISATION TECHNIQUES....73 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 73 3.2 Characterization and Methods..........................................................................73 3.2.1 X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) .............................................................74 3.2.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) .....................................................76 3.2.3 BET Surface area ...................................................................................... 79 3.2.4 Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) ........................................................ 81 3.2.5 Zetasizer Nano Series Analyser ................................................................ 83 3.2.6 Proton conductivity measurement in DMFC ............................................84 3.2.7 Evaluation of Methanol Crossover (Permeability) In DMFC...................88 3.3 DMFC Assembly..............................................................................................91 3.3.1 Basic DMFC .............................................................................................91 3.3.2 DMFC Schematic Flow System................................................................94 3.4 Standard Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA)............................................95 3.4.1 Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL)......................................................................95 3.4.2 Anode Catalyst Layer Preparation ............................................................ 98 3.4.3 Cathode Catalyst Layer Preparation: ........................................................99 3.4.4 Standard Binding Layer ............................................................................99 3.4.5 Nafion 117 Membrane Activation ..........................................................100 3.4.6 MEA Fabrication and Thermal Compression (hot press) ....................... 101 Sirhan AL-Batty Page 3

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