PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 012
Abstract Institution: The University of Manchester Name: Sirhan Ibrahim AL-Batty Degree Title: Doctor of Philosophy Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science Thesis Title: Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide to Reduce Methanol Permeation in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Date: 2016 Nafion membranes are used in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) due to their good proton conductivity. However, Nafion membranes suffer from fuel crossover which reduces the fuel cell performance. The main objective of this work was to improve the efficiency of the DMFC by reducing methanol permeability (crossover) whilst maintaining good proton conductivity. This was investigated by modifying the binding layer (which acts as glue between electrode and membrane) at the anode in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The modification involved incorporating inorganic filler with a Nafion (polymer) in order to reduce methanol crossover. The inorganic filler (mordenite or graphene oxide) was incorporated with Nafion forming a barrier layer to reduce methanol crossover in DMFC. Standard MEA and modified binding layer MEA were tested in DMFC under a range of fuel cell temperature ranging from 40°C to 70°C and methanol concentrations of 1.0 M, 2.0 M, and 4.0 M. In order to reach the maximum fuel cell efficiency, modified binding layer MEA was used. The amount of inorganic filler varied from 0 wt% to 5 wt% when fabricating the binding layer. It was found that the optimum loading amount of mordenite and graphene oxide with Nafion were 0.5wt% and 1wt% respectively. Mordenite was functionalized with gamma- glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GMPTS) and (3 mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTS) to improve the adhesion properties at the mordenite/polymer interface. Maximum power density of mordenite MEA (MPTS) was 80 mW/cm2, found at 70°C and 1.0 M, 60% higher than the standard MEA. In addition, functionalized mordenite (MPTS) was sulfonated to improve the proton conductivity of the modified binding layer in DMFC. Maximum power density obtained was 92.0 mW/cm2, 80% higher than standard MEA at 70°C and 1.0 M. The loading amount of graphene oxide varied from 0 wt% to 5 wt%. The maximum power density of graphene oxide MEA was 79 mW/cm2, 44% higher than the standard MEA. Methanol crossover of 1.0 wt% graphene oxide MEA was 70 mA/cm2, 23% lower than standard MEA. Incorporating inorganic fillers with Nafion reduced the methanol crossover but maintained proton conductivity by using very low concentrations of inorganic fillers and placing it exactly where it can be effective the most. By reducing the methanol crossover using a cheap and easy to apply technique we have moved the DMFC closer to widespread market commercialisation. Reduced crossover means that the same output can be achieved with a lower mass of expensive platinum catalyst reducing the capital cost of the system. Or we can achieve the same power density with a smaller fuel reservoir making the further miniaturisation of the system viable. Or we can obtain higher power densities for the same system increasing the range. Depending on the proposed application, all of these outcomes are significant for the technology. Sirhan AL-Batty Page 12PDF Image | Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide
PDF Search Title:
Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene OxideOriginal File Name Searched:
nafion-zeolite.PDFDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)