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Background be converted to hydrogen within the fuel cell itself. The electrons which have been produced at the anode are flowing to the cathode through an external circuit. The carbonate ion in the electrolytes acts as agent to transfer the oxygen ion from the cathode to the anode [9, 13]. Anode Cathode 1.6.2.3 π»2 + πΆπ32β β π»2π + πΆπ2 + 2πβ (1.13) 12 π2 + πΆπ2 + 2πβ β πΆπ32β (1.14) Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell PAFC The phosphoric acid fuel cell uses concentrated phosphoric acid as the electrolyte. PAFCs can work using reformed hydrocarbon fuels or biogas. Anode and cathode reactions are the same as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM), on the other hand since operating temperatures are higher, PAFC are more tolerant of fuel impurities. The oxidant is air and the cell usually operates at ambient pressure. In the PAFC the air is fed to the cathode and hydrogen is fed to anode. The operating temperature range is between 180Β°C and 210Β°C [14]. Cathode side Anode side Overall 12 π2 + 2π»+ + 2πβ β π»2π π»2 β 2π»+ + 2πβ π»2 + 12 π2 β π»2π + 2πβ (1.15) (1.16) (1.17) The main advantages of the PAFC are that it can tolerate carbon dioxide and it is applicable to small-capacity plants and vehicular uses. The disadvantages of the PAFC are the cost of the catalyst. It does require noble metals; therefore, carbon monoxide can poison the anode [14]. Sirhan AL-Batty Page 32PDF Image | Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide
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