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Background Figure 1.11 Crossover cell voltage at different feed concentration vs output current density in DMFC [23] The concentration of methanol in the feed to the anode can increase the methanol crossover for some membranes such as Nafion and sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) [SPEEK]. In DMFC, the anode feed (methanol) cannot be used without provision of water. The methanol is fed into fuel cell either by passive transport such as osmosis or diffusion, or by active transport such as mechanical pump. A study has been made by Jianguo Liu et al [26], on the effect of methanol concentration on passive DMFC performance [26]. They used a 115 Nafion membrane with a 4.0 cm2 electrode area. The Nafion membrane was activated in H2SO4 (0.5 M) solution and washed in deionized water. The support material was used in the anode and the cathode was carbon cloth (E-TEK, Type A). The anode catalyst which has been used in their study was PtRu black (1:1 alloy) and the catalyst loading was 4.0 mg/cm2. The cathode catalyst was 40 wt%Pt on Vulcan XC-72 and the loading was 2.0 mg/cm2. Since the study was a passive DMFC (no pump), the methanol diffused into the catalyst layer from methanol built-in reservoir while the oxygen diffused into the catalyst layer from the air surrounding. Although the experiment was done at room temperature (≈25°C), the operating fuel cell temperature was maintained by warm and cold water circulation. Five different methanol solution concentrations (1.0 M – 5.0 M) were prepared and used in the experiment. The result of the experiments showed that the power density increased when methanol concentration was increased. A 20 mW/cm2 was the maximum power density obtained when 5 M concentration of methanol was used. They Sirhan AL-Batty Page 44PDF Image | Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide
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