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Literature review will be used at the end of the result chapters as indicator of all three modified binding layer MEAs and assure if MEAs are limited by crossover or proton conductivity. 2.9 Summary In summary, methanol crossover can create a mixed potential which can result in an open circuit voltage and loss of useful fuel. Fuel cell parameters can improve the efficiency of the fuel cell with some limitations. Focusing on the nano composite membrane structure and morphology can boost the fuel cell performance by solving one of the major problems (methanol crossover) associated with the DMFC. Optimizing the fuel cell temperature and concentration are necessary since the fuel cell efficiency is a function of operational parameters. Inorganic fillers such as zeolite and graphene oxide are used to synthesize a nano composite membrane to reduce the methanol permeability via their physical and chemical properties such as molecular sieve properties and hydrophilicity. Depending on the filler surface properties, a coupling agent are used to enhance the interface between the inorganic/organic hybrid layers. The fuel cell power density is a function of weight percentage of the filler per loading. To reach the maximum fuel cell efficiency the inorganic filler need to be pre- treated, characterized before manufacturing the nano composite membrane MEA. Although the modification of Nafion membrane with inorganic filler reduces the methanol crossover in fuel cell, it also affects the proton conductivity at normal fuel cell operating temperature (25°C-70°C). Therefore, it was found that modifying the binding layer at anode electrode can reduce the methanol crossover while maintain good proton conductivity. Mixing inorganic filler with polymer to form composite membrane can increase the proton conductivity when operating the fuel cell at higher temperature (above 90°C) due to the water retention property of the inorganic filler. However, when operating fuel cell below 70°C, the proton conductivity of pure Nafion is higher than composite/Nafion membrane. Therefore, modifying the binding layer (of the anode electrode) by incorporating inorganic filler (zeolite or graphene oxide) can reduce the Sirhan AL-Batty Page 71PDF Image | Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide
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