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Method and characterisation 3.4.6.2 Effect of sonication on carbon black A further characterization was made to the treated carbon black by sonication to identify the average particle size before and after pre-treatment (sonication). The carbon black particle size affects the power density of direct methanol fuel cell. Using carbon black with larger particle size ( ~ > 500 nm) in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of standard MEA showed a power density of ~ 10 mW/cm2 whereas using smaller carbon black particle size showed higher fuel cell power density (~ 50 mW/cm2). Using smaller carbon particles size to form the GDL reduces the ohmic resistivity of the MEA, due to the reduction in MEA thickness and regulates the methanol flow at the anode which contributes to reducing the methanol crossover thus improves the fuel cell power density. Therefore, carbon black was sonicated in order to reduce the particle size. Figure 3.26 shows the average particle of carbon black before and after sonication. Figure 3.26 Distribution of particle size of carbon black before and after pre- treatment The test was carried out in ethanol solution media to avoid agglomeration. The average of both samples were taken through two runs, each run took 12 minutes. The characterization was carried out by Malvern zetasizer. As a result, the pre-treatment (sonication) of carbon black reduced the particle size from 790 nm to ~400 nm. This can produce a uniform GDL which contributes in boosting the fuel cell performance. Sonication was found useful in deagglomerating the carbon black particles Sirhan AL-Batty Page 104PDF Image | Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide
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