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Method and characterisation The mordenite quantity was added to the Nafion binding layer (ionomer) at the anode electrode side in different weight percentage per loading. The weight % of mordenite powder in the binding layer was 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 wt%. The amount of mordenite was calculated on a weight ratio to the Nafion membrane 117. (Detail calculation in appendix C): ðĪðððhðĄ ðð ððððððððð = ððððĒðððð ðĪðððhðĄ (%) (3.9) ðĪðððhðĄ ðð ðððððð ðððððððð+ðĪðððhðĄ ðð ððððððððð 3.5.1 Binding Layer Weight Requirement The weight percentage of Nafion content will vary depending on the fuel cell active area. In this work, the Nafion content is 1.2 mg/cm2, therefore, the weight of Nafion required for fuel cell active area is 0.02439 ð , (Detail calculation of binding layer weight requirement is in appendix C): ðĄððĄðð ðĄðððððĄ ðĪðððhðĄ = ðĪðððhðĄ ðð ððððððððð + ðĪðððhðĄ ðð ðððððð ðð ððð ð, 0.5ðĪðĄ % = 0.0036 ð + 0.02439 ð = 0.28 ð 3.5.2 Mordenite Physical Treatment In this work, mordenite was incorporated with Nafion to fabricate the modified binding layer in order to reduce methanol crossover in DMFC. To mix the mordenite and Nafion, mordenite particle size was reducing to obtain homogenous mixing with polymer. The zeolite used in this research was commercial sodium mordenite type (CBV10A) provided by Zeolyst. Mordenite was ball-milled to reduce the particle size from 300 Ξm to 400 nm using metallic grinding media. Different materials are used as grinding media such as ceramic balls and stainless steel balls (metallic balls). In ball milling process, the powder (mordenite in this work) is placed in a bottle with the grinding media and rotates around a horizontal axis. The ball-milling process can be carried out either dry or wet. In dry ball-milling, powder and the grinding media are used whereas wet ball-milling involves additional liquids. The milling depends on the Sirhan AL-Batty Page 106PDF Image | Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide
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