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Method and characterisation Figure 3.29 Illustration of surface modification of mordenite with silane coupling agent [133] The mordenite and Nafion interfacial contacts are crucial to avoid methanol crossover. When incorporating Nafion with inorganic materials such as zeolite, pinholes and voids are often present at the interface between the Nafion and the external surface of zeolite (mordenite) due to the incompatibility between the fillers and polymer. To overcome this issue, the mordenite was silylated with silane coupling agent to enhance the adhesion of inorganic /organic interface. Wu et al.[133] modified the surface of zeolite Y with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES) and 3-mercaptopropyl- trimethoxysilane (MPTMS), to fabricate zeolite Y/ chitosan (polymer) composite membrane and test it in DMFC. Wu et al found that (MPTMS) silane coupling agent improved the fuel cell selectivity due to improvement in the interfacial adhesion properties between zeolite Y and chitosan. Yoonoo et al [166] modified the surface of mordenite with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTS) and gamma- glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GMPTS) to fabricate inorganic/organic composite membrane for DMFC. They found that GMPTS was more compatible with Nafion as shown by the higher performance of DMFC. In this work, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GMPTS) and 3- Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) silane coupling agents were selected to fabricate mordenite /Nafion binding layer for DMFC. MPTS was chosen in addition to GMPTS in this research due to its thermal stability. MTPS silane has good thermal Sirhan AL-Batty Page 109PDF Image | Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide
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