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Results and discussion 50 40 30 20 10 Nafion 117 0.5% Loading 1% Loading 0.25% Loading 4M 0.75% Loading 0 40 50 60 70 Temperatuer (°C) Figure 4.5 Extracted power densities peaks of standard MEA and F-MOR MEAs modified binding layer loadings (0.25wt % to 1.0wt %) in DMFC at different operating temperatures and 4 M methanol feed The standard MEA at 4.0 M shows very low power density when comparing with F-MOR MEAs. This is due the methanol crossover. The methanol concentration increases the methanol crossover in fuel cell. The result of 4.0 M methanol was predictable for each MEA. Moreover, the 1.0 wt% F-MOR modified binding layer MEA was expected to achieve a better performance due to the high percentage of methanol blocker. It seems, due to the increase in the proton resistivity with 1.0 wt%, the fuel cell power density dropped down to 52% when comparing with 0.5 wt% F- MOR. The effect of F-MOR wt% versus the power densities as a function of fuel cell temperature showed that the 0.5 wt% was the ideal loading. Therefore, a detailed study on 0.5 wt% modified binding layer MEA was carried out. 4.4.3 Optimal DMFC Operating Temperature Using F-MOR MEA A further investigation was carried out using the optimum weight percentage per loading of functionalized mordenite. Briefly, A 0.5 wt% of F-MOR solution was sprayed on the anode electrode. Both anode and cathode catalyst loading were 1.0 mg/cm2. The MEA was placed in a DMFC and hydrated overnight followed by five Sirhan AL-Batty Page 135 Maximum Power Density (mW/cm2)PDF Image | Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide
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