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Results and discussion takes place at the anode, carbon dioxide starts to form at the anodic catalyst layer and flows toward the cathode which creates a mass transport limitation in the fuel cell [175]. In this study, the fuel cell performance decreased as the anode feed concentration increased. Increasing the methanol concentration (1.0 M, 2.0 M and 4.0 M) of the feed affected the power density of DMFC. In all four modified binding layer MEAs, the polarizations curves as well as the power densities curves shifted downward as the methanol concentration increased. The first run, where 1.0 M of methanol was used, the fuel cell showed the highest power density when comparing with the second run where 2.0 M of methanol were used. In the third run where the methanol concentration was 4.0 M, the fuel cell showed less performance comparing with the first run (at 1.0 M). This reduction in the performance could be attributed to the methanol crossover phenomena. Increasing the concentration of feed can cause the methanol fuel to diffuse through the electrolyte where it reacts with air at the cathode and creates a mixed potential which reduces the fuel cell voltage. From this study, it was found that the optimum methanol concentration was 1.0 M. This result was found in good agreement with those result published by Shukla et al [24] and Dohle et al [172]. In addition to the fuel cell temperature and concentration, the methanol feed flow rate was varied from 3.0 ml/min to 10 ml/min. The experiment was carried out by setting the fuel cell temperature at 70°C, the anode feed concentration was 1.0 M (methanol), and the air flow rate in the cathode side was 1 L/min. The optimum flow rate was found ~ 5.0 ml/min. At low current density there was no significant difference in the fuel cell power density. The maximum power density was obtained when the current density exceeds 100 mA/cm2 (medium current density range). Above 5.0 ml/min, there was no major change in the fuel cell power density when methanol flow rate was varied from 5-to 10 ml/min in this work. However, methanol flow rate at 5.0 ml/min was found similar to previous work [166]. 5.6 Summary The effect of methanol concentration was carried out in this chapter to obtain the optimum anode feed concentration using modified binding layer MEAs. All four binding layers MEA including standard MEA, mordenite MEA, sulfonated MEA, and Sirhan AL-Batty Page 153PDF Image | Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide
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