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Conclusion and future work 7.2 Recommendation for Future Work From the conclusion of this work, it shows that the next step in improving DMFC electrochemical properties such as methanol crossover and proton conductivity for modified binding layer MEA should come from the modification of the inorganic filler and the long term durability. For mordenite modified binding layer MEA, a study was made by Prapainainar et al [167] used modified binding layer MEA in ethanol fuel cell. They suggested that functionalizing the mordenite with different silane coupling agents can have a better adhesion property between mordenite and Nafion polymer at the interface. This should be reached by specifying the characterisation of the mordenite and Nafion solution utilising a combination of electron microscopy and spectroscopic techniques. However, a high concentration of the functionalizing agents could restrict the proton transfer across the membrane by blocking the channels of the mordenite. Also the analysis of the surface structure of the MEA using TEM has to be conduct in order to obtain the filler distribution on the surface. Graphene oxide modified binding layer MEA showed their ability in reducing the methanol crossover over through a temperature range from 40°C-70°C in DMFC. However, the proton conductivity was lower than the commercial Nafion membrane 117. To overcome this issue, sulfonating the surface of graphene oxide could enhance the proton conductivity. Tsai et al [180] sulfonated graphene oxide and mixed with the polymer to fabricate nano modified binding layer MEA. The optimum degree of modification of the graphene oxide should be studied to confirm good interaction between the polymer and the graphene oxide. In addition, using the TEM to analyse the surface of the MEA is useful and it can shows the pore channels diameter [181], and the graphene oxide structure and the composite with the Nafion. However, the durability of the DMFC has to be taken into consideration. Thomas et al [179, 182] found that the overall performance was falling-off after running the fuel cell for 2000 hr life test. Shulk et al [179, 183] reported that voltage of a DMFC dropped after 8 hr operation time at a load current density of 100 mA/cm2. Solving out these drawbacks can contribute to the development of fuel cell technologies which makes it more more viable for commercial application. Sirhan AL-Batty Page 185PDF Image | Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide
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