PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 009
50 M. Bjørgen et al. / Applied Catalysis A: General 345 (2008) 43–50 mechanism, whereas carbon atoms from methanol to a consider- able extent are incorporated and distributed among the C3+ alkenes in a series of alkene methylation and cracking steps [43,44]. Analysis of the product yields, rather than selectivities, indicates that the increase in propene/ethene ratio (Fig. 8c) is caused mainly by a decrease in the ethene yield, in particular for the 0.20M sample. This decrease in ethene yield is compensated by the increase in the yield of C5+. As stated above, ethene is formed from the aromatics, and a major difference between the untreated and the treated samples (0.20M in particular) is the speed with which the aromatics diffuse out of the catalyst and into the gas phase (Fig. 9). We hypothesize that as the diffusivity increases and the time each aromatics molecule resides in the micropores is shortened, the probability of undergoing the reaction steps required for ethene formation is diminished. Hence, the increase in propene/ethene ratio may be caused predominantly by a decline in the rate of ethene formation via the aromatics-based hydro- carbon pool mechanism, whereas the propene, which to a large extent is formed through alkene methylation and cracking steps, is less influenced by the reduction of the time the methylbenzenes spend within the catalyst. 4. Conclusions The catalytic performance of alkaline leached zeolite H-ZSM-5 in the conversion of methanol to gasoline has been studied both with respect to catalyst lifetime and product selectivities. After treatment with 0.20 M NaOH, the total conversion capacity, i.e. grams of methanol converted per gram catalyst until complete deactivation, increased by a factor of 3.3, and the selectivity towards the gasoline fraction increased by a factor of 1.7. Physical characterization indicated the presence of Lewis acidity, improved crystallinity and mesopore formation. Desilication of H-ZSM-5 with NaOH solution constitutes an effective and simple post- synthesis technique leading to substantial catalyst improvement. Work in progress indicates that similar improvements, in particular with respect to catalyst lifetime, is seen for samples that consist of smaller crystals and display less defects and therefore also a greater catalyst lifetime prior to the treatment with NaOH. References [1] G.A. Olah, A. Goeppert, G.K.S. Prakash, Beyond Oil and Gas: The Methanol Economy, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2006. [2] J. Cobb, in: G. Connell (Ed.), New Zealand Synfuel: The Story of the World’s First Natural Gas to Gasoline Plant, Cobb/Horwood Publications, Auckland, New Zeal- and, 1995, p. 1. [3] J. Topp-Jørgensen, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 36 (1988) 293. [4] P. Barger, in: M. Guisnet, J.-P. Wilson (Eds.), Zeolites for Cleaner Technologies: Catal. Sci. Ser. 3, Imperial College Press, London, 2002, p. 239. [5] http://www.lurgi.com/website/fileadmin/user_upload/pdfs/19_Methan-Propyl en-E_rev060707.pdf (accessed May 2007). [6] F.J. Keil, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 29 (1999) 49. [7] C. Baerlocher, W.M. Meier, D.H. Olson, Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2001, p. 184. [8] M. Hartmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43 (2004) 5880. [9] J.C. Groen, J.A. Moulijn, J. Perez-Ramirez, J. Mater. Chem. 16 (2006) 2121. [10] J.C. Groen, J.A. Moulijn, J. Perez-Ramirez, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 46 (2007) 4193. [11] J.C. Groen, L.A.A. Peffer, J.A. Moulijn, J. Perez-Ramirez, Colloid Surf. A 241 (2004) 53. [12] J.C. Groen, J.C. Jansen, J.A. Moulijn, J. Perez-Ramirez, J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 13062. [13] J.C. Groen, T. Bach, U. Ziese, A.M. Paulaime-van Donk, K.P. de Jong, J.A. Moulijn, J. Perez-Ramirez, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (2005) 10792. [14] J.C. Groen, J.A. Moulijn, J. Perez-Ramirez, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 87 (2005) 153. [15] J.C. Groen, W. Zhu, S. Brouwer, S.J. Huynink, F. Kapeijn, J.A. Moulijn, J. Perez- Ramirez, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (2007) 355. [16] J.C. Groen, L.A.A. Peffer, J.A. Moulijn, J. Perez-Ramirez, Chem. Eur. J. 11 (2005) 4983. [17] M. Ogura, S.-Y. Shinomiya, J. Tateno, Y. Nara, M. Nomura, E. Kikuchi, M. Matsukata, Appl. Catal. A 219 (2001) 33. [18] L. Su, L. Liu, J. Zhuang, H. Wang, Y. Li, W. Shen, Y. Xu, X. Bao, Catal. Lett. 91 (2003) 155. [19] Y. Song, C. Sun, W. Shen, L. Lin, Catal. Lett. 109 (2006) 21. [20] J.S. Jung, J.W. Park, G. Seo, Appl. Catal. A 288 (2005) 149. [21] Y. Song, X. Zhu, Y. Song, Q. Wang, L. Xu, Appl. Catal. A 302 (2006) 69. [22] R. Le Van Mao, S. Xiao, A. Ramsaran, J. Yao, J. Mater. Chem. 4 (1994) 605. [23] R. Le Van Mao, A. Ramsaran, S. Xiao, J. Yao, V. Semmer, J. Mater. Chem. 5 (1995) 533. [24] R. Le Van Mao, S.T. Le, D. Ohayon, F. Caillibot, L. Gelebart, G. Denes, Zeolites 19 (1997) 270. [25] D. Ohayon, R. Le Van Mao, D. Ciaravino, H. Hazel, A. Cochennec, N. Rolland, Appl. Catal. A 217 (2001) 241. [26] G. Lietz, K.H. Schnabel, Ch. Peuker, Th. Gross, W. Storek, J. Vo ̈lter, J. Catal. 148 (1994) 562. [27] C.J.H. Jacobsen, C. Madsen, T.V.W. Janssens, H.J. Jakobsen, J. Skibsted, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 39 (2000) 393. [28] J.C. Groen, T. Sano, J.A. Moulijn, J. Perez-Ramirez, J. Catal. 251 (2007) 21. [29] R. Szostak, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 137 (2001) 261. [30] S. Bordiga, I. Roggero, P. Ugliengo, A. Zecchina, V. Bolis, G. Artioli, R. Buzzoni, G. Marra, F. Rivetti, G. Spano` , C. Lamberti, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. (2000) 3921. [31] S. Bordiga, P. Ugliengo, A. Damin, C. Lamberti, G. Spoto, A. Zecchina, G. Spano` , R. Buzzoni, L. Dalloro, F. Rivetti, Top. Catal. 15 (2001) 43. [32] G.L. Qin, L. Zheng, Y.M. Xie, C.C. Wu, J. Catal. 95 (1985) 609. [33] B.L. Su, V. Norberg, Zeolites 19 (1997) 65. [34] M. Spangsberg Holm, S. Svelle, P. Beato, C. Hviid Christensen, S. Bordiga, M. Bjørgen, in preparation. [35] T. Armaroli, A. Gutierrez Alejandre, M. Bevilacqua, M. Trombetta, F. Miella, J. Perez-Ramirez, G. Busca, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 135 (2001) 2136. [36] H.V. Brand, A. Redondo, P.J. Hay, J. Mol. Catal. A 121 (1997) 45. [37] U.Fleischer,W.Kutzelnigg,A.Bleiber,J.Sauer,J.Am.Chem.Soc.115(1993)7833. [38] C.M. Tsang, P.-S.E. Dai, F.P. Mertens, R.H. Petty, ACS Petro. Chem. Div. Symposium Preprints 39, 1994, p. 367. [39] M. Bjørgen, S. Kolboe, Appl. Catal. A 225 (2002) 285. [40] C.L.A. Mota, D.L. Behring, N. Rosenbach, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43 (2004) 3050. [41] S.H. Li, A.M. Zheng, Y.C. Sul, H.L. Zhang, L. Chen, J. Yang, C.H. Ye, F. Deng, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (2007) 11161. [42] E. Brunner, H. Ernst, D. Freude, T. Frohlich, M. Hunger, H. Pfeifer, J. Catal. 127 (1991) 34. [43] S. Svelle, F. Joensen, J. Nerlov, U. Olsbye, K.-P. Lillerud, S. Kolboe, M. Bjørgen, J. Am Chem. Soc. 128 (2006) 14770. [44] M. Bjørgen, S. Svelle, F. Joensen, J. Nerlov, S. Kolboe, F. Bonino, L. Palumbo, S. Bordiga, U. Olsbye, J. Catal. 249 (2007) 195. View publication statsPDF Image | Methanol to gasoline over zeolite H-ZSM-5
PDF Search Title:
Methanol to gasoline over zeolite H-ZSM-5Original File Name Searched:
Methanol_to_gasoline_over_zeolite_H-ZSM-5_Improved.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |