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5 mL isopropanol for 0.5 h to form a catalytic layer slurry. Micromachines 2021, 12, 72 2.3. Preparation of Electrode The electrode of μDMFC mainly includes the diffusion layer and the catalyst layer. In this work, carbon papers with a size of 15 × 15 mm were prepared as the base of the diffusion layer. A micro-porous layer was fabricated on the carbon paper by the slurry spray method. The micro-porous layer slurry was prepared by dissolving 3.5 mg of carbon powder into 2 mL isopropanol and 0.5 mL PTFE emulsion. After ultrasonic agitation for 30 min, the micro-porous layer slurry could be prepared for use. The carbon loading and 3 of 12 and the PTFE content of the micro-porous layer were 1.25 mg/cm2 and 5%, respectively. the PTFE content of the micro-porous layer were 1.5 mg/cm and 5%, respectively. The The catalyst layer was fabricated on the micro-porous layer by the same spray method catalyst layer was fabricated on the micro-porous layer by the same spray method as the asmtihcreo-mpoicrorou-sploayroeru.sTlhaeyper.epTahraetiporneopfatrhaeticoantaolyfsthleayceartasluyrsrtylawyaesraslsluorsriymiwlaarstoaltshoe similar tomtihcreom-piocrroou-sploayroeruslularryye.rCsaltuarlyryst.pCoawtadleyrs(t9pmogwPdt/eRru(9fomragnoPdt/eRanudf4o.r6amngoPdtefoarncdat4h.-6mgPt ode) was added into 5 mL isopropanol and 0.5 mL Nafion solution by ultrasonic agitation for cathode) was added into 5 mL isopropanol and 0.5 mL Nafion solution by ultrasonic over 30 min to prepare the catalyst layer slurry. The anode catalyst loading was 4.0 agitation over 30 min to prepare the catalyst layer slurry. The anode catalyst loading was mg/cm2 and2 the cathode catalyst loading was 2.0 mg/cm2. 2 4.0mg/cm andthecathodecatalystloadingwas2.0mg/cm. 2.4. Preparation of Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) 2.4. Preparation of Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was fabricated using the gas diffusion The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was fabricated using the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) method. First, the Nafion117 membrane was used as the proton exchange electrode (GDE) method. First, the Nafion117 membrane was used as the proton exchange membrane, which was pre-treated by boiling successively in 3 wt.% H2O2, deionized wa- membrane, which was pre-treated by boiling successively in 3 wt.% H2O2, deionized water, ter, and 3 wt.% H2SO4 at 80 °C for 1 h each. Then, the pretreated Nafion 117 was sand- and 3 wt.% H2SO4 at 80 ◦C for 1 h each. Then, the pretreated Nafion 117 was sandwiched wiched between the anode GDE and cathode GDE by hot-pressing at 135 °C and 0.6 MPa between the anode GDE and cathode GDE by hot-pressing at 135 ◦C and 0.6 MPa for 4 min for 4 min to form the MEA, which is shown in Figure 1b. to form the MEA, which is shown in Figure 1b. Figure 1. (a) Basic structure of the micro direct methanol fuel cell; (b) the prepared membrane electrode assembly (MEA); Figure 1. (a) Basic structure of the micro direct methanol fuel cell; (b) the prepared membrane electrode assembly (MEA); (c) assembled micro direct methanol fuel cell. (c) assembled micro direct methanol fuel cell. 2.5. Assembling, Activation and Performance Testing of Single Cells 2.5. Assembling, Activation and Performance Testing of Single Cells The μDMFC in this work employed a traditional structure that consisted of two end- The μDMFC in this work employed a traditional structure that consisted of two plates, two current collectors, two gaskets and an MEA. Polymethyl methacrylate endplates, two current collectors, two gaskets and an MEA. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as endplate material due to its excellent mechanical characteristics. A (PMMA) was used as endplate material due to its excellent mechanical characteristics. A square groove was fabricated on the anode endplate as the flow field area to place the anode current collector, while a square through-hole was fabricated on the cathode endplate to allow air transport into the cathode. All the endplates were fabricated by the machining process. Moreover, 316L stainless steel was used for current collectors because of its good electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance. A serpentine flow field was fabricated on the current collector by using wire cutting technology. Finally, the MEA, current collectors, gasket and endplates were assembled according to the sequence in Figure 1a. The whole structure of the μDMFC was clamped and fixed by screws, as shown in Figure 1c. Before the test, deionized water was fed into the anode for 12 h in order to infiltrate and activate the MEA. Next, 2 M methanol solution with a flow rate of 2 mL/min was injected into the anode flow field while operating at room temperature. The cell performance was recorded by DC electronic loading. The loading current started at 0 mA, and the voltage value was recorded every 5 mA to obtain the I-V and I-P curve.PDF Image | Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Reduced Graphene Oxide
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