PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 004
Micromachines 2021, 12, 72 rent collectors, gasket and endplates were assembled according to the sequence in Figure 1a. The whole structure of the μDMFC was clamped and fixed by screws, as shown in Figure 1c. Before the test, deionized water was fed into the anode for 12 h in order to infiltrate and activate the MEA. Next, 2 M methanol solution with a flow rate of 2 mL/min was injected into the anode flow field while operating at room temperature. The cell per- formance was recorded by DC electronic loading. The loading current started at 0 mA, and the voltage value was recorded every 5 mA to obtain the I-V and I-P curve. 3.3R. ReesusultlstsaanndDiiscussion 3.31..1.SStrturucctuturraallCharacterizationsofGrapheenneeOxxididee(G(GOO))anadndRRedeudcuecdeGdrGaprahpenhenOexOidxeid(reG(OrG)O) TThheeggrraappheeneoxidebeforereducttiionnttrreeaatmtmenenttananddrerdeudcuecdedgrgarpahpehnenoexiodxeidweewreere chcharaaractceterrizizeedbySEM. As showniinFiigurree22aa,,ththeeSSEEMMimimagaegeofoGf OGOshsohwoswrsanrdanomdolymly agaggrergegaateteddccrruumplled layer structuresdueettooddeefoformrmataitoinonininthtehgergarpahpitheitsetrsutcrutucrteuurepuonpon exefxofolilaiatitoionnpprroocceessses. The SEM iimaaggeeooffrrGOOeexxhhibibitistsrarnadnodmomlylycrcurmupmlepdledwawvea-vliek-elike structures, which reveals the presence of imperfections, breakage of crystals and a non- structures, which reveals the presence of imperfections, breakage of crystals and a non- uniform layer because of the absence of oxygen-containing functional groups, reduced to uniform layer because of the absence of oxygen-containing functional groups, reduced to a a greater extent. greater extent. 4 of 12 Figure 2. SEM images of (a) graphene oxide (GO), (b) reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanostructures. Figure 2. SEM images of (a) graphene oxide (GO), (b) reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanostructures. 3.2. Influence of High-Temperature Polyol Preparation Process on the Performance of Micro Di- 3.2. Influence of High-Temperature Polyol Preparation Process on the Performance of Micro Direct MretchtaMnoetlhFauneolcFEulell(cμEDllM(μFDCM) FC) DDuurirninggththeeprreparation process,,cattaalylytitcicmeetatlaleleelmemenetnst,sc,actaltyaslytsptaprtaicrtleicsleizseizaendand cactatlaylytitcicsusurrfafacceerroughness would resullttiindififeferreenncceessinincactatlaylsyisipsepreforfromramnacne.cEe.thEytlheynlene glgylycocollisisggeenneerraalllyusedasareducingagenttiinntthheehhigighh-t-etmempepreartautruerpeoplyoolylomlemtheotdh,oads,as ethylene glycol can be easily oxidized to form strong reductive glyoxal and ethylene gly- ethylene glycol can be easily oxidized to form strong reductive glyoxal and ethylene glycol col (oxalic acid). However, various parameters in the preparation process, namely (1) pH, (oxalic acid). However, various parameters in the preparation process, namely (1) pH, (2) (2) heating temperature, and (3) the time of heating, have a great impact on the perfor- heating temperature, and (3) the time of heating, have a great impact on the performance mance of ethylene glycol reduction. Thus, various parameters were closely studied in this of ethylene glycol reduction. Thus, various parameters were closely studied in this work. work. 3.2.1. The Effect of Reducing pH on the Performance of μDMFC 3.2.1. The Effect of Reducing pH on the Performance of μDMFC Figure 3 shows the polarization curve and power density curve of MEA prepared at Figure 3 shows the polarization curve and power density curve of MEA prepared at different pH values in 2 M methanol solution. The pH of the solution is strongly acidic, different pH values in 2 M methanol solution. The pH of the solution is strongly +acidic, which is around 2–3, before the addition of NaOH. In an acidic environment, H is more likely to react directly with glyoxal or oxalic acid, which result from the oxidation of ethylene glycol. Both glyoxal and oxalic acid have strong reducing properties. However, chloride and Ru3+ ions are less dissociated under a strongly acidic environment. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the pH value of the reaction environment before reduction. In an alkaline environment, the OH− can reduce and dissociate the chloride anion and Ru cation and allow the Ru3+ to be reduced by glyoxal or oxalic acid to form metal particles. It can be seen that when the pH is different, the performance of the fuel cell varies greatly. The environment is still acidic at pH 6, so the open-circuit voltage (OCV) and power of the fuel cell are considerably low (0.5 V), reaching the peak power density of 12 mW/cm2 at 60 mA. At pH 8, when the environment changed from weak acid to weak alkaline, the performance of the whole fuel cell improved significantly, reaching the peak power density of 14 mW/cm2. When pH = 10, the OCV and maximum power density of the fuel cell were the highest, reaching 0.6 V and 18 mW/cm2, respectively. From the data, we can deduce that a higher concentration of OH− in the solution is suitable for the reduction reaction process, which allows for the full reduction of Pt and Ru; the best electrocatalytic performance for the electrooxidation of methanol can be obtained at pH value of 10. WhenPDF Image | Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Reduced Graphene Oxide
PDF Search Title:
Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Reduced Graphene OxideOriginal File Name Searched:
micromachines-12-00072-v2.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)