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288 A K Sahu et al Table 2. Physical properties of various commercially available cation-exchange membranes. IEC Thickness Membrane type (mequiv./g) (mm) Gel water (%) Membrane Asahi Chemical Industry Company Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan *Conductivity (S/cm) 0⋅0114 0⋅0051 0⋅0071 – 0⋅0075 0⋅0114 0⋅0081 – 0⋅0067 0⋅0133 0⋅01053 0⋅0333 K 101 Sulfonated polyarylene 1⋅4 0⋅24 Asahi Glass Company Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan CMV Sulfonatedpolyarylene 2⋅4 0⋅15 DMV Sulfonatedpolyarylene – 0⋅15 Flemion Perfluorinated – 0⋅15 24 25 – – Ionac Chemical Company, Sybron Corporation, USA MC3470 – 1⋅5 MC3142 – 1⋅1 Ionics Inc., Watertown, MA 02172, USA 61AZL386 – 2⋅3 61AZL389 – 2⋅6 61CZL386 – 2⋅7 Du Pont Company, Wilmington, DE 19898, USA N117 Perfluorinated 0⋅9 N901 Perfluorinated 1⋅1 Pall RAl Inc., Hauppauge, NY 11788, USA R-1010 Perfluorinated 1⋅2 *at 30°C and 100% relative humidity. Simple structural conceptualization of cross-linked polyelectrolyte and clustered ionomeric system with anionic side chain. face within 3–4 Å, which is roughly the thickness of water molecule, takes place through tightly-bound water molecules along the –SO–3 groups due to the electrostatic attraction. 0⋅6 35 0⋅8 – 0⋅5 46 1⋅2 48 0⋅6 40 0⋅2 16 0⋅4 5 0⋅1 20 Figure 6. Qualitative picture of proton transport in Nafion. Figure 5. As the membrane becomes saturated, the size of pores increases, increasing the bulk-like portion of water, which facilitates high rate of proton transfer in the middle of pores. Thus, the overall rate of proton transfer in- creases with pore radius until it reaches saturation where the average diameters of pores are 4–6 nm. Proton con- duction in Nafion occurs through the ionic channels formed by micro or nano phase separation between the hydrophilic proton exchange sites and the hydrophobic domains (Kreuer 2001). The present development of PEFCs is strongly linked to advantages and disadvantages of Nafion membrane under different operating conditions. Proton transfer in Nafion membrane relies on dissociation of protons from the constituent –SO3H groups in presence of water, which limits its application in PEFCs above 80°C (Chalkova et al 2005).PDF Image | Nafion and modified-Nafion membranes
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