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Nafion and modified-Nafion membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells 293 4. Conclusions Polymer electrolyte fuel cells have reached a high level of development with applications ranging from cars to aerospace. But a stigma in their commercialization is their cost. To this end, it is most desirable to develop thermally stable and cost-effective polymer electrolyte membranes as substitute to Nafion. This article reviews various Nafion and Nafion-modified membranes for application in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Modified- Nafion membranes perform better than pristine-Nafion membranes as electrolytes for PEFCs. Among the various modified-Nafion membranes, Nafion–inorganic compo- site membranes appear to be the most promising electro- lytes for PEFCs. Acknowledgement Financial support from CSIR, New Delhi, is gratefully acknowledged. References Adjemian K T, Lee S J, Srinivasan S, Benziger J and Bocarsly A B 2002 J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 A256 Alberti G, Casciola M, Pica M, Tarpanelli T and Sganappa M 2005 Fuel Cells 5 366 Aparicio M, Castro Y and Duran A 2005 Solid State Ionics 176 333 Aricò A S, Baglio V, Blasi A D and Antonucci V 2003 Electro- chem. Commun. 5 862 Baglio V, Aricò A S, Blasi A D, Antonucci V, Antonucci P L, Licoccia S, Traversa E and Fiory F S 2005 Electrochim. Acta 50 1241 Bauer F and Porada M W 2005 J. Power Sources 145 101 Borup R et al 2007 Chem. Rev. 107 3904 Boutry D T, Geyer A D, Guetaz L, Diat O and Gebel G 2007 Macromolecules 40 8259 Cappadonia M, Erning J W, Niaki S M S and Stimming U 1995 Solid State Ionics 77 65 Castellon E R, Jimenez J J, Lopez A J, Torres P M, Barrado J R R, Jones D J and Roziere J 1999 Solid State Ionics 125 407 Chalkova E, Fedkin M V, Wesolowski D J and Lvov S N 2005 J. Electrochem. Soc. 152 A1742 Choi P, Jalani N H and Datta R 2005 J. Electrochem. Soc. 152 E84 Damay F and Klein L C 2003 Solid State Ionics 162–163 261 Davis M E, Montes C, Garces J and Crowder C 1988 Nature 331 698 Dessau R M, Shirker J L and Higgins J B 1990 Zeolites 10 522 Estermann M, McCusker L B, Baerlocher C, Merrouche A and Kessler H 1991 Nature 352 320 Gebel G, Aldebert P and Pineri M 1993 Polymer 34 333 Gottesfeld S and Zawodzinski T 1997 Adv. Electrochem. Sci. Eng. 5 195 Grant P 2003 Nature 424 129 Grot W G 1985 Chem. Ind. 19 647 Haushalter R C and Mundi L A 1992 Chem. Mater. 4 31 Hickner M A, Ghassemi H, Kim Y S, Einsla B R and McGrath J E 2004 Chem. Rev. 104 4587 Hill M L, Kim Y S, Einsla B R and McGrath J E 2006 J. Membr. Sci. 283 102 Hogarth W H J, Costa J C D, Drennan J and Lu G Q 2005 J. Mater. Chem. 15 754 Hsu W Y and Gierke T D 1983 J. Membr. Sci. 13 307 Jalani N H, Dunn K and Datta R 2005 Electrochim. Acta 51 553 Jiang R, Kunz H R and Fenton J M 2006a Electrochim. Acta 51 5596 Jiang R, Kunz H R and Fenton J M 2006b J. Membr. Sci. 272 116 Jimenez J J, Torres P M, Pastor P O, Castellon E R, Lopez A J, Jones D J and Roziere J 1998 Adv. Mater. 10 812 Jung D H, Cho S Y, Peck D H, Shin D R and Kim J S 2002 J. Power Sources 106 173 Khan M I, Meyer L M, Haushalter R C, Schweitzer A L, Zubi- eta J and Dye J L 1996 Chem. Mater. 8 43 Klein L C, Daiko Y, Aparicio M and Damay F 2005 Polymer 46 4504 Kreuer K D 2001 J. Membr. Sci. 185 29 Lin C W, Thangamuthu R and Chang P H 2005 J. Membr. Sci. 254 197 Mauritz K A and Moore R B 2004 Chem. Rev. 104 4535 Mauritz K A, Hora C J and Hopfinger A J 1978 Prep. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem. 19 324 Mauritz K A, Stefanithis I D, Davis S V, Scheez R W, Pope R K, Wilkes G L and Huang H H 1995 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 55 181 Mench M M 2008 Fuel cell engines (New Jersey: Wiley) Miyake H, Matsuyama M, Ashida K and Watanabe K 1983 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1 1447 Miyake N, Wainright J S and Savinell R F 2001 J. Electrochem. Soc. 148 A898 Navarra M A, Croce F and Scrosati B 2007 J. Mater. Chem. 17 3210 Panero S, Fiorenza P, Navarra M A, Romanowska J and Scrosati B 2005 J. Electrochem. Soc. 152 2400 Ramani V, Kunz H R and Fenton J M 2005 Electrochim. Acta 50 1181 Roziere J and Jones D J 2003 Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 33 503 Sacca A et al 2005 J. Power Sources 142 385 Sahu A K, Selvarani G, Pitchumani S, Sridhar P and Shukla A K 2007 J. Electrochem. Soc. 154 123 Sahu A K, Pitchumani S, Sridhar P and Shukla A K 2009 Fuel Cells 9 139 Sayari A, Moudrakovski I, Reddy J S, Ratcliffe C I, Ripmeester J A and Preston K F 1996 Chem. Mater. 8 2080 Shukla A K and Raman R K 2003 Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 33 155 Song J M, Miyatake K, Uchida H and Watanabe M 2006 Elec- trochim. Acta 51 4497 Song M K, Park S B, Kim Y T, Kim K H, Min S K and Rhee H W 2004 Electrochim. Acta 50 639 Springer T E, Zawodzinski T A and Gottesfeld S 1991 J. Elec- trochem. Soc. 138 2334 Thampan T M, Jalani N H, Choi P and Datta R 2005 J. Electro- chem. Soc. 152 316PDF Image | Nafion and modified-Nafion membranes for polymer fuel cells
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