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Polymers 2018, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 10 membranes M2 and M5 exhibiting higher water content with respect to both plain Nafion and M7 Polymers 2019, 11, 914 sample, as also suggested by the DSC results. 15 10 5 0 N M2 M5 M7 6 of 10 Figure 4. WU, IEC and λ of the membranes at 100 % RH. Figure 4. WU, IEC and λ of the membranes at 100 % RH. Composite membranes were evaluated also in terms of water uptake (WU) and ion exchange −1 capacTithye(NIEaCf)io.Tnhpeoselyamrerim,upsoerdtafnotrptahriasmpreotejercstb,ehcasuasnetehqeuyivparolevnidtewaeidgihretcotfm1e1a0s0ugreqoftahnedh,ytdhruast,ioitns −4 −1 ltehveeolreatnicdaolfIEthCevnaulmuebeisr9of×av10ailaebqlgep.rTohtoeniso.nBeaxsechdaonngethceaspeapcaitryamobetaeirnseidtpeoxspseirbilmeetontdaellryivfeodrthe vNaalufieonofsaλm[2p9l]e; tahpepreosauclhtsesartheirsetphoerotreedtiicnalFvigaulure.4W. ThheenfithgeurineosrhgoawnisctphaerctoicmlepsoasrieteadmdeemdbtroaNneasfiMon2, athnedreMi5s eaxhsiigbnitiifnicganhtigdhecrrewaaseterofcotnhteenIEtCw.itThhrisescpoeucltdtobbeortehlapteladintoNanfioincarneadsMe o7fsadmenpsliety, aisnatlhsoe scuogmgpeostseitde bmyetmhebrDaSnCesraensudltos.the interaction of the additive with the polymer, decreasing the number −1 of acTidhesiNteasfiaovnaiplaoblylempeer,ruusneditfofrmthaissp.rTohjeicst,lehadssantoehqauvivinaglenatlwoweiegrhatvoafi1la1b0i0ligtyeqof eaxncdh,atnhguesa,bitles −4 −1 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 lamda WU IEC tphreootorentsic.aHloIEwCevearl,uteheisM95×s1a0mpleeqghas.tThehehigohneesxtcIhEaCngvealcuaepamcitoynogbatlalintheedceoxmpeproismitenmtaellmybforarntehse. NThaifisocnristaicmalpeleffaepctporofatchheesfitllheirscthoenoterenticwalavsaallure.adWyhoebnstehreveindo[r2g9a]n,iwcpitahrtihcelesinatreermadedeiadtetoaNddaifitiovne, tchoenrceeinstarastiigonifi(5cawnt d%e)crbeeaisnegotfhteheopIEtiCm. aTlhcihs ocoicuel.dSbuechreelafftecdt tcoaannbienecrxepalsaeinoefdecnosnistyidienritnhge caoumnpifosrimte mdiestmribruatnioens oafntdhetofitlhleer ianmteoruanctiownitohfinththeeapdodliytimverwmitahtrtihxe, epsotalybmlisehri,ndgepcroesaitsiivneginthternacutmiobnesrinoftearcmids soiftepsroatvoanilaexbclehapnegreuanbitliotyf.mWaistsh. rTeshpisecletatodslatmo dha,vainllgthaelocowmerpoasviateilambeilmitybroafnexscshaonwgehaibglheeprrvoatlounes. Hcoomwpeavrerd, tthoepMla5insaNmapfiloenh.aAsstehxepheicgtheeds,tdIuEeCtovathlueehaimghohnygdarlaltihoenc,othmepMos2itseampemlebdriasnpelasy. sTthiseclarritgiceaslt ecoffnectenotfrathtieonfilolefrwcaotnetremntowleacuslaelsrepaedryacoibdsicergvreodup[2.9],withtheintermediateadditiveconcentration (5 wtF%ue)lbceilnlgpethrfeoromptainmcaelscwheoriecee.vSaulucahtedffefoctrcaallnthbemexepmlabirnaendescoansdidreprionrgteaduiniFfoigrmured5is.tWribituhtitohne oaifmthoeffitellsetrinagmtohuenmt ewmitbhrianntehseupnodleyrmperracmtiacatrlidx,eesisrtableischoindgiptiosnisti(vloewinRteHraacntidonhsiginh tTe)r,mwseorfecporrodtoend epxoclhaarinzgaetiaobniliatny.dWpiothwreers-pcuecrrt etnotlacmurdvae,saullntdherco3m1%porseiltaetimvemhubrmanideistys,hmowovhiingghefrovmalu8e0s°cComtop1a1re0d°Cto. pBleatitnerNcaefillonp.eArfosremxpaencctesd,,idnuteetromtsheohfimghaxhiymduramtiocnu,rtrheenMt a2nsdamppolweedrisdpelaliyvsetrhede,laarrgeesotbctoanincendtrwathioen oufsiwngattehremthorleceucloems peorsiatceidmicemgrboruapn.es with respect to bare Nafion at 80 °C and 31% RH. Apparently, themFousetlicmelplopretrafnotrmcoantcreibsuwtieorneoevfathlueaitnedorfgoarnailclathdedmitievmebisrasneensaindterremposrotefdreidnuFciegduroeh5m.iWciltohsstehse, awimithofthtestcionmgtphoesimteembermanbersanuensdeshropwraicntgicaclodmepsiarraabblelecosnlodpiteisonast(tlhowe iRnHteramndedhiaigtehTv)o,lwtaeger-ecuorrdeendt ◦◦ praonlagrei,zaltoiwonerantdhapnowtheart-cuasrsroencitacteudrvetos ubnadrerN31a%fiorne.laTtihve hMu7misdaimtyp, mle,ovhianvginfrgomth8e0hiCghtoes1t1f0illeCr. Bcoenttceerncterlaltpioenrf,orremsualntsceisn, ilnartgeermr ms oafssmdaixffiumsuiomncouvrerre-nptoatnendtpiaolws,earsdeevlidvernetdf,raorme othbteasinloepdewcheanguessinagt ◦ ifmorpDorStCantancoanlytsrisb,ustuiogngoesfttsheainonrg-oapntiicmaidzdeditivmeoirspsheoelnoginytaenrmdsfiollfereduiscteridbuothimonicinlostshes,pwoliythmtehre- cinoomrgpaonsitcecmomempobsriatne,eshisnhdoewringwcoamtepra/prarobtloenslmopigesrattiothneininMter7mmeedmiabteravnoel.taFgoer-ctuhirsrernetasraong,eM,l7owaers tnhoatnfuthrtahtearssaodcoipated tforbfaurelNcealfilotens.tsThatehMig7hsearmtepmlep, ehravtuinrge.tShoe,hthigehceesltlfiplelerfrocromnacenncetrsaatito1n1,0re°sCuwltseirne leavragleuramteadssodnilffyufsoiornNo,veMr-2poatnendtiMals5,assaemvpidle.ntWfrhoemntmheosvlionpgetcoha1n1g0es°Cat,thaseheixgpheecsttedcu,rtrheentovvaeluraelsl (pserefoFrimguarnec5e,dlefctr-esaidses,,garletehnousygmhbMo2lss)a.mThpilseapgraeisne,rvasesaltrheeadbeysdtirsecsuslts.eUdnfodrerDtShCesaencaolnydsiist,iosnusg,gveesrtys aimnpoonr-toapnttimloiszsedsminotrhpehaoclotigvyataionndrfielgleiorndiasrteriboubstieornveindtfhoerpMo5ly,msheorw-ininogrgaanloiwccopmepnocsirtceu,hitinvdoletraigneg. the thirgeheecsotmcuprorseintet mvaelmuebsra(nsees wFigthures5p,elcetfto-sbidaere, gNraefienonsyamt 8b0olCs).aTndhi3s1a%gaRiHn,. aAspaplraereandtylyd, tihsceumssoesdt wWaitehrr/pesrpoetocnttmopiglaraintioNnafiinonM,7qumitemabsrtaranneg.eFcohratnhgiserienatshoens,lMop7ewoafsthneoptofularrtihzeartiaodnocputrevdefiosrdfeutelctcedll, ◦ tleiksetslyatdhuieghtoeratdeimffpiceurlattwuraet.eSrom,tahneacgelmlpeenrtfoartmsuacnhcehsigaht1t1e0mpCerwateureree.vTaolubaettetderoenlulycifdoratNe,thMe2daifnfderMen5t ◦ scaomntprilbe.uWtiohnesn mtoovthineg otove1r1a0ll Cr,eassisetixvpiteyc,tedin,-tohpeeorvanerdaoll pimerpfoerdmanancece sdpeeccrteraasesw, earltehoruecgohrMde2dsawmhpile proelsaerrizviensgththeebcesltlraets0u.6lt.VU.ndertheseconditions,veryimportantlossesintheactivationregionare observed for M5, showing a low open circuit voltage. With respect to plain Nafion, quite a strange W.U. / % λ / mol H2O / acid group IEC / meq g-1PDF Image | Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Based on Nafion Fuel Cell
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