PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 059
square), the limit of the gaseous hydrogen fuel cell system is two trips (144 MWh, the solid triangle) and the limit for the liquid hydrogen fuel cell system is four trips (289 MWh, the solid circle). Five trips (361 MWh, the X) are not possible with any system. If a powertrain limit symbol is not present for a particular vessel that means that powertrain option will not meet any trips. An example of this can be seen with the Emma Maersk, the dark blue symbols at the top of the chart. Only a solid circle and an X are present, but the solid triangle (battery system limit) and solid square (gaseous hydrogen limit) are missing, meaning that neither the battery nor the gaseous hydrogen system will work for any trips. The Treadddur Bay is an example which only has an X and illustrates that no powertrains are capable of meeting the energy requirements of just one trip. (If there is no visible X symbol, such as for the Zalophus, Alfa Nero, and Maersk Frontier, it is because it is hidden behind the solid circle on the chart meaning that the incremental energy of one more trip is small compared to the total energy.) Some trends can be seen in Figure 3.3. In general, no hard limit of power or energy was found for zero emission power systems: from a small fishing trawler to a large containership, the systems were shown to be quite versatile in their ability to supply both the energy and power needs of these vessels. Both fuel cell systems work in almost every vessel and can be implemented in longer distances than the battery systems. It is only at the longer voyages that the 5000 psi hydrogen powered fuel cell fails to meet the requirements. For the greatest versatility and efficiency, the LH2 FC system prevails; even in the Emma Maersk the LH2 system is possible. As noted above the battery systems proved to be the only viable option for the Trondheimsfjord 2’s requirements. This is most likely due to the combination of a few factors that differentiate this vessel from the rest. It is a catamaran, high speed, planing vessel. Also the vessel mission is shorter than most other vessels in the study, so it requires relatively little energy relative to the power of its engine. This leads to the success of the battery systems because they have a low “overhead” in terms of mass and volume. This is illustrated in the fact that the battery system sizing is only based on the required energy for the trip whereas fuel cell systems must also take into account the maximum power requirement. The battery system is a power and energy producing unit all in one piece of equipment and can store a relatively low quantity of energy more efficiently than the FC because the FC systems require a fuel cell as well as a fuel container regardless of the length of the voyage. 3.3.2. Volume, Displacement, and Energy Limits The power and energy chart of Figure 3.3 illustrates that neither power nor energy is a limiting factor by itself. To try and find the limiting factor, the case studies were examined in more detail and it was found that in each case the first limit reached for every powertrain was the volume limit. This is a factor of both the available volume of the vessel as well as the volume of the powertrain. Figure 3.4 illustrates that the type of powertrain that will work for a certain required amount of stored energy depends on the available volume. Figure 3.5 is the same data zoomed-in to provide detail around the origin. The dashed lines roughly represent the upper limit of each 59PDF Image | Regenerative Fuel Cell
PDF Search Title:
Regenerative Fuel CellOriginal File Name Searched:
SAND2017-12665.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |