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Using these charts a vessel designer can quickly get an estimate of the zero emission powertrain solution that may work for a given vessel size. This relationship could guide the design of zero emission ships by taking a specific mission for a vessel and working backwards to design it. For example, if a ship has a displacement of 100,000 MT and requires 4,000 MWh of energy, Figure 3.7 shows that only a fuel cell system using liquid hydrogen could power that ship. Another example, if a ship requires 40 MWh of energy to travel from Port A to Port B then Figure 3.8 shows it would have to have a displacement of at least 1,000 MT to hold a fuel cell system using liquid hydrogen, 2,000 MT to hold a fuel cell system using gaseous hydrogen, and about 15,000 MT to hold a battery system. One reason the studied zero emission powertrains continually are able to meet requirements even when looking at very long distances and very high power levels is that as the power and range of a vessel increases, the size of the vessel is also increasing. This is a result of economies of scale in the shipping industry but is a characteristic that benefits the application of these powertrains. Figure 3.9 shows a close-up of the area near the origin, relevant to the smaller passenger vessels studied. The wide scatter in the data compared to the trend line becomes more obvious at this scale. This shows that the trends observed for larger ships may not be directly transferrable to small vessels and that more detailed studies should be conducted. Figure 3.9: Approximate mission energy upper limits of zero emission powertrain technology based on vessel displacement, zoomed in to show points very close to the origin relevant to small vessels. 63PDF Image | Regenerative Fuel Cell
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