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Critical Issues • Degradation in performance. • Alternating electrolyzer-fuel cell cycles degrades performance of URFC. • Efficiency is critical to URFC and DRFC system economics. • Applications with 1,000 cycles or less may find degradation acceptable. • Water management: URFC design must prevent flooding of electrodes in fuel cell mode. • Humidification of reactants for fuel cell applications is necessary. • URFC design must permit liquid water at the cathode interfaces for electrolysis. • DRFC separately resolves water management but with more complex Balance-of-Plant. • Thermal management: exothermic reaction of fuel cell requires cooling of fuel cell. • Endothermic reaction of electrolyzer does not require cooling plates except at high current densities. • DRFC separately resolves thermal management but with more complex Balance-of-Plant. • Carbon supported catalyst acceptable for fuel cell system but unacceptable for electrolyzer. • New catalyst supports needed for URFC—NSTF catalyst suggested. • Carbon supported catalyst acceptable for fuel cell in DRFC system. Materials • High catalyst loadings for electrolysis is a cost issue. Issues • NSTF for IrO2 support may reduce catalyst loadings. • Bipolar plates: carbon/graphite bipolar plates unacceptable for URFC because of corrosion. • Carbon/graphite bipolar plates acceptable for DRFC fuel cell. • Low cost metal bipolar plates for URFC are needed. • Low cost metal bipolar plates used in DRFC are needed. Balance-of- Plant Issues • Power electronics is an expensive component that needs development for both URFC and DRFC. • Development of power electronics subsystem that would be common to both fuel cell and electrolyzer. • DRFC has potentially more complex Balance-of-Plant. • Two separate BoP subsystems: fuel cell BoP and electrolyzer BoP but with common hydrogen storage. • Bi-functional water management and thermal management systems need to be developed for URFC. 13PDF Image | Reversible Fuel Cells Workshop Summary Report
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