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Reversible SOFC/SOEC Session Three presentations were made in the SOFC/SOEC session. Greg Tao from Materials and Systems Research in Salt Lake City, Utah, presented on “Lessons Learned from SOFC/SOEC Development.” Casey Brown from Versa Power Systems in Littleton, Colorado, presented on “Progress on the Development of Reversible SOFC Stack Technology.” Dr. S. Elangovan from CERAMATEC, also in Salt Lake City, Utah, presented on “Materials and Systems Issues with Reversible SOFC.” These presentations established the background and state-of-the-art of the technology for the breakout sessions addressing reversible SOFC/SOEC development. SOFC Development Solid oxide fuel cells have been under development since the 1960s. Small scale SOFC systems are included in the R&D portfolio of the Fuel Cell Technologies Program in the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). However, the largest SOFC development effort currently underway in the world today is the Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) funded by the DOE Office of Fossil Energy.2 DOE funding for SECA has averaged about $50 million/year over the last 10 years. The SECA program was initiated in 2000 with the goal of developing technology for mass producing small 5 to 10 kW SOFC stack modules that could serve as a base for commercializing a wide variety of products from residential fuel cells to auxiliary power units (APU) for overland trucks and for recreational vehicles. More recently SECA has refocused its efforts on the development of megawatt-scale SOFC power modules for coal gasification-based power plants with carbon capture. The current focus on developing large SOFC power modules is very much in line with the needs for large SOFC modules that can operate on pure hydrogen. Current SECA goals are for $175/kW stack costs and $700/kW power plant costs with an overall net electrical efficiency of 54% (HHV) including carbon capture. The current programmatic timeline calls for a 250 kW to 1 MW demonstration of a single SOFC power module by 2013 and a 5 MW multi-module demonstration by 2015. SOEC Development Solid oxide electrolysis cells have received less attention and funding than their fuel cell counterparts. In 2005 the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy initiated the Next Generation Nuclear Plant project. Among the R&D efforts associated with this project was the Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative having the goal of assessing various methods for producing hydrogen at high efficiency from a Generation IV nuclear reactor operating with a helium cooling loop able to deliver heat in the range of 750°C to 800°C. Among the approaches evaluated was steam electrolysis based on cells using solid oxide electrolytes that were similar in materials and construction to SOFC. Idaho National Laboratory (INL) leads the effort to develop and test the SOEC. CERAMATEC was the principal supplier of SOEC stacks to INL. This program culminated in a demonstration of three 5 kW SOEC stacks at INL in 2009. 15PDF Image | Reversible Fuel Cells Workshop Summary Report
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