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Manufacturing Issues • Are the SECA cost goals for the SOFC stack attainable? • Is it reasonable to use the SECA goals to cost a reversible system? • What is a reasonable scaling factor for a reversible SOFC/SOEC plant? • Need to develop the best compromise design for cell materials and geometry for manufacturing. • Need to develop high speed, low cost manufacturing methods for large area cells. • Need reproducible methods for component manufacture and cell stacking. • Need QC/QA methods and procedures for manufacture and assembly. Miscellaneous • Look for alternatives to zirconia for the electrolyte. • Is there a benefit to operating at lower temperatures? • Would other cell designs such as metal-supported or electrolyte-supported architecture work better for the reversible cell? • Demonstrations are needed to generate operational data and gain experience. Recommendations from SOFC/SOEC Sessions The industry presenters and the breakout group participants recommended research and development to identify and mitigate sources of degradation, to develop more robust materials, and to perform techno-economic studies of complete SOFC/SOEC systems in renewable electricity storage applications. The recommendations are as follows: 1. Perform fundamental material science and electrochemical studies of candidate air/oxygen electrodes and electrode/electrolyte interfaces to identify the best performers. 2. Perform applied science studies of SOFC/SOEC stack and BoP components to identify degradation mechanisms and develop solutions. 3. Perform material science and corrosion studies of seals and bipolar plate hardware in high temperature steam and oxygen environments to identify potential long term problems. 4. Demonstrate a SOFC/SOEC stack at a sufficient size to measure realistic roundtrip efficiencies and define an operating window for a full scale plant. 5. Develop flow sheets for a complete SOFC/SOEC energy storage system, possibly at both the 200 kW and 10 MW scales, and use it to conduct a techno-economic analysis and develop a business case. 25PDF Image | Reversible Fuel Cells Workshop Summary Report
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