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Energies 2019, 12, 469 12 of 15 not only the mass balance, but also the temperature change in axial direction has to be considered by a respective heat balance (i = CO, CO2; n = all components of the gas): Energies 2019, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW dT ∑ ri,eff (−∆ R Hi )ρb dz= ∑cc u 12 of 15 (15) The dimensioning of fuel-cell appliances is usually orientated to the average load demand of a n p,n s dT= ∑ri,eff (-ΔRHi)ρb (15) dz ∑ cn cp,n us household. In Germany, a four-person household consumes, on average, 5000 kWh electrical energy The dimensioning of fuel-cell appliances is usually orientated to the average load demand of a per year [34]. This is equivalent to 0.6 kW average power. Unfortunately, the load profiles of demand household. In Germany, a four-person household consumes, on average, 5000 kWh electrical energy and production of electricity by the fuel-cell system are different. So, in times when the fuel-cell does per year [34]. This is equivalent to 0.6 kW average power. Unfortunately, the load profiles of demand not cover the demand, the additional need is covered by the power grid. If the fuel-cell produces and production of electricity by the fuel-cell system are different. So, in times when the fuel-cell does more electricity than needed, the excess power is fed into the grid. The same happens with the heat not cover the demand, the additional need is covered by the power grid. If the fuel-cell produces demand. In times where heat production of the fuel-cell is not sufficient a peak boiler will ensure the more electricity than needed, the excess power is fed into the grid. The same happens with the heat domestic comfort. demand. In times where heat production of the fuel-cell is not sufficient a peak boiler will ensure the The Viessmann company (Germany) sales fuel cell appliances for one- or two-family households domestic comfort. for production of electrical power and heat. For example, the model “Vitovalor PT2” has a fuel cell The Viessmann company (Germany) sales fuel cell appliances for one- or two-family households with afnorepleroctdruictpioonwoefreloefct0ri.c7a5l kpoWweraanndahehaet.aFtoproewxaemrpolfe,1t.1hekmWode[l3“5V].itoTvhaelocroPrTre2s”phoansdainfugelHcellflow el th 2 with an electric power of 0.75 kWel and a heat power of 1.1 kWth [35]. The corresponding H2 flow rate rate for a typical overall efficiency of 80% can then be estimated based on the lower heating value for a typical o−v3erall efficiency of 80% can then be estimate−d1based on the lower heating value of H2 of H2 (10.78 MJ·m ). The resulting flow rate is 772 l H2 h , which corresponds to a total flow rate (10.7−81MJ·m−3). The resulting flow rate is 772 l H2 h−1, which corresponds to a total flow rate of 971 l of 971 L h for a reformate consisting of 0.5% CO, 10% CO2, 10% H2O, and 79.5% H2. In Figure 10 h−1 for a reformate consisting of 0.5% CO, 10% CO2, 10% H2O, and 79.5% H2. In Figure 10 and Table and Table 4, the results of the simulations are given for different gas inlet temperatures. The RWGS 4, the results of the simulations are given for different gas inlet temperatures. The RWGS reaction, reaction, which may play a role at temperatures above 240 ◦C, was not taken into consideration. which may play a role at temperatures above 240 °C, was not taken into consideration. Figure 10. Temperature and conversion profiles of an adiabatic fixed-bed reactor for inlet temperatures Figure 10. Temperature and conversion profiles of an adiabatic fixed-bed reactor for inlet ◦ ◦ ◦ −1 of 120teCm,p1e3ra0tuCresanofd112400°CC, 1(39071°Cl hand 1(S4T0°PC),(f9e7e1dl gha−1s:(S0T.5P%), fCeeOd, g1a0s%: 0C.5O% C, 1O0,%10H% COO, 27,91.50% H2O)., 79.5% H2). Table 4. Basic data of an adiabatic reactor for selective CO-methanation for three different initial temperatures. Table 4. Basic data of an adiabatic reactor for selective CO-methanation for three different initial temperatures. CO Content at Reactor Outlet 222 Tin in◦C Tin in°C 120 120 130 130 140 140 Tout in◦C Tout in°C mcat inkg mcat inkg XCO in% XCO in% 98.00 XCO2 in% XCO2 in% 0.61 XH2 in% EH2 XH2 in% EH2 2.16 1.17 CO Content at Reactor Outlet 210 4.25 Limit value of 10L0imppitmvajuluset roefa1c0h0ed 210 4.25 98.00 0.61 2.16 1.17 225 238 6.40 8.50 99.99 99.99 1.68 2.60 2.73 1.48 3.19 1.73 p p mPDF Image | Selective Methanation of CO over a Ru-y-AI2O3 Catalyst in CO2 H2
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