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increased with the increase of hydrothermal temperature. Proper hydrothermal temperature and time were necessary to promote the nucleation and growth of crystals and prevent the over growth simultaneously. At a proper SDA content (TPA+/Si = 1.5), the pore volume of the final obtained zeolite reached to 0.58 cm3·g−1, which was attributed to the enhancement of crystal nucleation by CSaDtaAlys.tsW20h1i7l,e7,a3t67a high content (TPA+/Si = 3.5), the pore volume decreased to 0.21 cm3·g−1, due2t0ootfh3e1 highly compacted nanoparticles under high content of SDA [107]. Figure 16. XRD, N2-adsorption, and SEM results for ordered mesoporous ZSM-5 nanoparticle Figure 16. XRD, N2-adsorption, and SEM results for ordered mesoporous ZSM-5 nanoparticle aggregates (ZNA) by controlling the arrangement of nanoparticles. (a), XRD pattern; (b), N2 aggregates (ZNA) by controlling the arrangement of nanoparticles. (a), XRD pattern; (b), N2 adsorption-desorption; (c–e), SEM images [107]. Copyright Elsevier, 2016. adsorption-desorption; (c–e), SEM images [107]. Copyright Elsevier, 2016. 4.2. Synthesis of Nano-Sized ZSM-5 Zeolite by Bead Milling Method 4.2. Synthesis of Nano-Sized ZSM-5 Zeolite by Bead Milling Method Inagaki et al. [108,111] creatively developed a new method to prepare nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite Inagaki et al. [108,111] creatively developed a new method to prepare nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite by bead milling of the micro-sized ZSM-5 zeolite. After bead milling under high agitation speed of by bead milling of the micro-sized ZSM-5 zeolite. After bead milling under high agitation speed of 3000 rpm, the large zeolite crystals were broken into nano-sized zeolites. The nano-sized zeolites 3000 rpm, the large zeolite crystals were broken into nano-sized zeolites. The nano-sized zeolites showed higher light alkene selectivity than the conventional ZSM-5 zeolite in n-hexane cracking at showed higher light alkene selectivity than the conventional ZSM-5 zeolite in n-hexane cracking 650 °C. However, the outer zeolite framework was destroyed, resulting in pore blockage, sharp at 650 ◦C. However, the outer zeolite framework was destroyed, resulting in pore blockage, sharp decrease of BET surface area and crystallinity. Then, the damaged part could be removed by alkali decrease of BET surface area and crystallinity. Then, the damaged part could be removed by alkali treatment or recovered by recrystallized on the external surface of the nanoparticles, resulting in a treatment or recovered by recrystallized on the external surface of the nanoparticles, resulting in a high crystalline zeolite. The desired ZSM-5 nanoparticles showed a high and stable catalytic high crystalline zeolite. The desired ZSM-5 nanoparticles showed a high and stable catalytic cracking cracking activity (Figure 17). Besides, it was significant that the nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite could be activity (Figure 17). Besides, it was significant that the nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite could be produced in produced in a large scale to satisfy the actual requirement in practical industrial manufacture. a large scale to satisfy the actual requirement in practical industrial manufacture. Overall, the crystal size of ZSM-5 zeolite can be controlled by regulating the parameters during the hydrothermal process only in laboratory scale. It was difficult to separate the nanoparticles from the synthesis solution due to their intrinsic colloidal property. It would applicable to prepare nanoparticle aggregation to avoid the separation problem. Besides, the stability of nano-sized zeolite at high temperature is lower than that of the micro-sized zeolite, which limits its application in industrial manufacture.PDF Image | Strategies to Enhance the Catalytic Performance of ZSM-5
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