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Nafion in some areas. The force had been increased but was still not large enough. Two more iterations of the same set-up were completed, only using one Irwin clamp, increasing the size of the clamps each time. As the size of the clamps increased the amount of force generated by the clamps increased. The impressions got deeper as the amount of force increased. However, there were still some regions where the Nafion was not being modified. The next change in the set-up for the impression was made to the bottom surface. Instead of glass, a material that is ridged brittle and would not conform to the shape of the mold, a rubber material was selected that would compress and impart an even pressure. The rubber would allow for more give to high spots on the mold and allowing the low spots to come in contact with the Nafion membrane. This change gave the Nafion an even impression. Now that the impression on one side was complete was successful it was to be translated to both sides. The design for the one sided Nafion modification could not be easily adapted to the two sided. The new method involved using two molds instead of just one which had been part of the original design. This reintroduced the spotty transfer of the surface texture from the molds to the Nafion membrane. The only solution was to increase the force applied during processing. Instead of using the Irwin clamp to generate the force, a hydraulic press to generate the force. The press used was a two post press that had a gage which was rated for 10,000 lbs of force. Increasing the force fixed the problem with the spotty transfer of the surface texture. The final method used to imprint the Nafion involved two molds, heated to 250°F placed on either side of the Nafion membrane then 10,000 lbs of force was applied to Nafion membrane to make a successful impression. 14PDF Image | surface roughness of the Nafion membrane in a PEM fuel cell
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