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INTRODUCTION FIGURE 2 Forecasts to 2040 predict that global energy demand will increase for all modes of transport, including these ‘hard to reach’ areas. Introduction Considerable progress towards the decarbonisation of transport is promised through the electrification of passenger vehicles. however, there will be transport sectors such as heavy-duty vehicles, aviation and shipping, for which electrification may not be appropriate due to cost, volume and energy density. Research into the electrification of long distance transport vehicles is continuing1, but for the medium term alternative liquid fuels are required that are consistent with the need to decrease the dependency on fossil fuels. Forecasts to 2040 predict that global energy demand will increase for all modes of transport, including these ‘hard to reach’ areas (Figure 2). The decarbonisation of transport will require the replacement of energy dense fossil fuels (diesel, aviation, bunker fuel) with low or net-zero carbon, sustainable synthetic fuels. Forecast global energy demand for transport fuels2. 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Year 2035 2040 KEY Trucks Marine Aviation 1. 2. Schäfer AW et al. 2018 Technological, economic and environmental prospects of all-electric aircraft. Nature Energy, 4, 160-166. (doi: 10.1038/s41560-018-0294-x). BP. 2019 Energy Outlook. See https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/ energy-economics/energy-outlook/bp-energy-outlook-2019.pdf (accessed 17 April 2019). 6 SuSTAINABLE SYNThETIC CARBON BASED FuELS FOR TRANSPORT – POLICY BRIEFING Demand (million tonnes of fuel per year)PDF Image | Sustainable synthetic carbon based fuels for transport
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