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Synthetic biofuels and efuels have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the creation of a sustainable carbon cycle (Figure 3). a. With biofuels, the carbon is cycled from the atmosphere, through the growth of plants, converting into fuel, burning in an engine, releasing the carbon into the atmosphere again. It should be noted that the timescale of this biological carbon cycle is dependent upon the growth rate of the feedstock, for example, the time taken to produce sugar cane residue versus forestry residue. FIGURE 3 A sustainable carbon cycle utilising biomass and carbon dioxide. ENERGY OUT ENERGY OUT b. With efuels, captured carbon is converted into fuel and then burnt in an engine, releasing the carbon back into the atmosphere. For efuels, the origin of the carbon dioxide will change the carbon reduction benefit, for example whether it came from an otherwise unavoidable carbon dioxide by-product or from a fossil fuel flue. The recycling of carbon, shown in Figure 3, would contribute to meeting net-zero targets through ‘defossilisation’; replacing the need to extract and burn fossil fuels, whilst creating a pathway to the longer-term options that would completely remove carbon dioxide emissions. It also reduces the extent of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) required to meet net-zero carbon emissions. The recycling of carbon would contribute to meeting net-zero targets through ‘defossilisation’. a. b. use of biofuel use of efuel Chemical / biological conversion SUSTAINABLE ENERGY IN SUSTAINABLE ENERGY IN Atmospheric CO2 Chemical conversion Capture (DAC or flue CO2 Photosynthesis to biomass SuSTAINABLE SYNThETIC CARBON BASED FuELS FOR TRANSPORT – POLICY BRIEFING 9 INTRODUCTIONPDF Image | Sustainable synthetic carbon based fuels for transport
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