PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 028
CHAPTER THREE Challenges and benefits for widespread adoption of synthetic biofuels and efuels 3.1 Costs 3.1.1 Efuel costs The current cost of efuels is estimated to be around €4.50/litre for diesel equivalent76 but this depends primarily on the cost of sustainable electricity. No industrial scale plant has yet been built, but several comprehensive studies on the future costs of efuels have been published using forecasts77 – 79. There is considerable divergence in these forecasts due to the wide variation in power costs, operation time, electrolyser costs, source of carbon dioxide and the capital interest rates used. For example, renewable power prices vary from about €25/MWh using solar in North Africa to about €50/MWh using wind in Europe in 2050. using these forecasts, Figure 7 was developed with a single price set and 6% interest rate to show the cost range of future efuels. The key drivers for the forecast cost reduction can be seen in Figure 8. Capital cost reduction is almost entirely from electrolysis, as illustrated by the analysis in Figure 9. Note that the operating and maintenance (O&M) costs are dependent on capital cost. 76. 77. 78. 79. German Energy Agency. 2017 The potential of electricity-based fuels for based fuels for low-emission transport emission transport in the Eu. See https://www.vda.de/en/services/Publications/%C2%ABe-fuels%C2%BB-study---the- potential-of-electricity-based-fuels-for-low-emission-transport-in-the-eu.html (accessed 17 April 2019). Prognos AG, DBFZ, uMSIChT. 2018 Status of and Perspectives for Liquid Energy Sources in the Energy Transition. See https://www.upei.org/all-news/download/519/421/17?method=view (accessed 18 April 2019). Agora Verkehrswende, Agora Energiewende, Frontier Economics. 2018 The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels. See https://www.agora-energiewende.de/fileadmin2/Projekte/2017/SynKost_2050/Agora_SynKost_Study_EN_ WEB.pdf (accessed 18 April 2019). Schmidt PR, Zittel W, Weindorf W, Raksha T. 2016 Renewables in Transport 2050: Empowering a sustainable mobility future with zero emission fuels from renewable electricity. See http://www.lbst.de/news/2016_docs/FVV_h1086_ Renewables-in-Transport-2050-Kraftstoffstudie_II.pdf (accessed 18 April 2019). 28 SuSTAINABLE SYNThETIC CARBON BASED FuELS FOR TRANSPORT – POLICY BRIEFINGPDF Image | Sustainable synthetic carbon based fuels for transport
PDF Search Title:
Sustainable synthetic carbon based fuels for transportOriginal File Name Searched:
synthetic-fuels-briefing.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |