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FIGURE 10 Cost of thermochemical conversion of biomass compared with future efuel costs derived from published plant performance and capital data. 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Gasification route Pyrolysis route Efuel 2030 Efuel 2050 Synthetic biofuels Note: Biofuel projections based on 6% interest rate, 20 years’ project lifetime and biomass cost of €75/metric tonne. The biofuels costs range is based on first-of-a-kind to nth-of-a-kind plants. Gasification route includes gasification and conversion. Pyrolysis route includes pyrolysis and hydrogenation. There are many details in the application of LCA for synthetic efuels and biofuels that must be carefully addressed if the LCA is to provide a consistent and transparent framework. Box 5 demonstrates an approach to LCA for net- zero aviation. under the European union’s Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II), life cycle approaches can be used to help model mitigation of impact either from long term storage or through avoidance of new fossil carbon entering the supply chain102. While research continues to identify methodologies for creating simplified and harmonised guidelines for combined LCA and techno-economic analysis, consistent and transparent LCA of a range of synthetic fuel options are still required. 102. European union. 2018 Directive (Eu) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast). See http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2018/2001/oj (accessed 17 April 2019). SuSTAINABLE SYNThETIC CARBON BASED FuELS FOR TRANSPORT – POLICY BRIEFING 33 CHAPTER THREE Fuel cost (€/litre)PDF Image | Sustainable synthetic carbon based fuels for transport
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