logo

Synthesis of Uniform Mesoporous Zeolite ZSM-5 Catalyst

PDF Publication Title:

Synthesis of Uniform Mesoporous Zeolite ZSM-5 Catalyst ( synthesis-uniform-mesoporous-zeolite-zsm-5-catalyst )

Next Page View | Return to Search List

Text from PDF Page: 001

chemengineering Article Synthesis of Uniform Mesoporous Zeolite ZSM-5 Catalyst for Friedel-Crafts Acylation Heman A. Smail 1, Mohammad Rehan 2 , Kafia M. Shareef 3, Zainab Ramli 4, Abdul-Sattar Nizami 2 and Jabbar Gardy 1,5,* 1 2 3 4 5 Received: 4 March 2019; Accepted: 31 March 2019; Published: 4 April 2019 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahadin University-Hawler, Erbil 44002, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; heman.smail@su.edu.krd Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; dr.mohammad_rehan@yahoo.co.uk (M.R.); nizami_pk@yahoo.com (A.-S.N.) Department of Nursing, Ishik University, 100 Meter Campus, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; kafia.mawlood@ishik.edu.iq Departments of Chemistry, College of Science, Universiti Technologi Malaysia (UTM), UTM Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; zainab@kimia.fs.utm.my School of Chemical and Process Engineering (SCAPE), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK * Correspondence: jabbar.gardy@su.edu.krd or j.gardy@leeds.ac.uk; Tel.: +96-4750-7608-855 Abstract: This work highlights how the treatment of ZSM-5 (parent Zeolite Socony Mobil–5, Si/Al = 23) with different surfactant templates and alkaline solution, improved the catalytic performance in the Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole with a propionic anhydride to obtain p-methoxypropiophenone. The modified microporous to mesoporous zeolite catalysts were characterized using different analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen porosimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), temperature-programmed desorption (ammonia-TPD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to analyze the crystallographic structure, surface acidity, surface area, porosity, morphology, and particle size. The results showed that the formed mesoporous zeolite by NaOH solution had smaller mesopores (ca. 3.7 nm) as compared to the mesoporous zeolites obtained by surfactant templates, such as, CTAB (ca. 14.9 nm), TPAOH (ca. 11.1 nm) and mixture of CTAB/TPAOH (ca. 15.2 nm). The catalytic acylation reaction was conducted in a batch glass reactor at various temperatures and the products were analyzed using off-line gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the activity of treated ZSM-5 with mixed surfactant templates (CTAB/TPAOH) exhibited enhanced selectivity towards the main product (p-methoxypropiophenone) by a factor 1.7 or higher than unmodified ZSM-5 due to its increased surface area by 1.5 times and enhanced acid sites. Keywords: ZSM-5; mesoporous zeolite; Friedel-Crafts acylation; modification of ZSM-5; anisole 1. Introduction The Friedel-Crafts acylation is one of the most vital organic reactions in the preparation of substituted aromatic ketones in pharmaceutical, fragrance, cosmetics and agrochemical industries. Catalysts such as strong mineral acids (H2SO4 and HF) and metal halides (and FeCl3 and AlCl3) have been used in the conventional acylation method [1]. The overall process produces a high amount of hazardous waste which is difficult to separate from the product. Because of the disadvantages, the use of recyclable and environment-friendly solid acid catalysts, such as zeolite, is desirable. This is to minimize economic and environmental problems [2]. Zeolite can be used as a catalyst in the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. The electrophilic acylation of anisole (methoxybenzene) with phenyl 􏰁􏰂􏰃 􏰅􏰆􏰇 􏰈􏰉􏰊􏰋􏰌􏰂􏰍 ChemEngineering 2019, 3, 35; doi:10.3390/chemengineering3020035 www.mdpi.com/journal/chemengineering

PDF Image | Synthesis of Uniform Mesoporous Zeolite ZSM-5 Catalyst

synthesis-uniform-mesoporous-zeolite-zsm-5-catalyst-001

PDF Search Title:

Synthesis of Uniform Mesoporous Zeolite ZSM-5 Catalyst

Original File Name Searched:

ChemEngineering-03-00035.pdf

DIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing

NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info

IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info

Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info

Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info

Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info

NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info

Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info

CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP