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ChemEngineering 2019, 3, 35 10 of 11 acidic sites, surface area, average pore size and mesoporosity of the treated zeolite catalysts. The effect of treatment on the zeolite (ZSM-5) catalyst with NaOH, CTABr, and TPAOH and a mixture of solutions (CTAB + TPAOH) solutions were studied. Author Contributions: Investigation and formal analysis, H.A.S.; conceptualization and supervision, K.M.S. and Z.R.; writing—original draft, H.A.S. and J.G.; proofreading and editing, M.R., A.-S.N. and J.G.; reviewing and final editing, J.G.; funding acquisition, K.M.S. Acknowledgments: The authors are grateful to the Salahaddin University-Erbil (SUE) in Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) for financial support. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Olah, G.A.; Donovan, D.J.; Lin, H.C. Friedel-Crafts Chemistry. 1. Chem. Informationsdienst 1976, 98, 2661–2663. 2. Clark, J.H. Solid acids for green chemistry. Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35, 791–797. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 3. Corma, A.; JoséCliment, M.; García, H.; Primo, J. Design of synthetic zeolites as catalysts in organic reactions: Acylation of anisole by acyl chlorides or carboxylic acids over acid zeolites. Appl. Catal. 1989, 49, 109–123. [CrossRef] 4. Gaare, K.; Akporiaye, D. Modified zeolites as catalysts in the Friedel-Crafts acylation. J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 1996, 109, 177–187. [CrossRef] 5. Freese, U.; Heinrich, F.; Roessner, F. Acylation of aromatic compounds on H-Beta zeolites. Catal. Today 1999, 49, 237–244. [CrossRef] 6. Smith, K.; Zhenhua, Z.; Hodgson, P.K. Synthesis of aromatic ketones by acylation of aryl ethers with carboxylic anhydrides in the presence of zeolite H-β (H-BEA) in the absence of solvent. J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 1998, 134, 121–128. [CrossRef] 7. Ma, Y.; Wang, Q.; Jiang, W.; Zuo, B. Friedal-Crafts acylation of anisole over zeolite catalysts. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 1997, 165, 199–206. [CrossRef] 8. Selkirk, J.; Challiss, R.; Price, G.; Nahorski, S. Differential coupling to endogenous G protein subpopulations in CHO and BHK cell lines recombinantly expressing mGlu1 receptors. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1999, 128, 32. 9. Zaarour, M.; Dong, B.; Naydenova, I.; Retoux, R.; Mintova, S. Progress in zeolite synthesis promotes advanced applications. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2014, 189, 11–21. [CrossRef] 10. Choi, M.; Na, K.; Kim, J.; Sakamoto, Y.; Terasaki, O.; Ryoo, R. Stable single-unit-cell nanosheets of zeolite MFI as active and long-lived catalysts. Nature 2009, 461, 246–249. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 11. Petushkov, A.; Yoon, S.; Larsen, S.C. Synthesis of hierarchical nanocrystalline ZSM-5 with controlled particle size and mesoporosity. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2011, 137, 92–100. [CrossRef] 12. Jin, H.; Ansari, M.B.; Park, S.-E. Mesoporous MFI zeolites by microwave induced assembly between sulfonic acid functionalized MFI zeolite nanoparticles and alkyltrimethylammonium cationic surfactants. Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 7482–7484. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 13. Galarneau, A.; Iapichella, J.; Bonhomme, K.; Di Renzo, F.; Kooyman, P.; Terasaki, O.; Fajula, F. Controlling the morphology of mesostructured silicas by pseudomorphic transformation: A route towards applications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2006, 16, 1657–1667. [CrossRef] 14. Gonçalves, M.L.; Dimitrov, L.D.; Jordão, M.H.; Wallau, M.; Urquieta-González, E.A. Synthesis of mesoporous ZSM-5 by crystallisation of aged gels in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium cations. Catal. Today 2008, 133, 69–79. [CrossRef] 15. Wang, L.; Yin, C.; Shan, Z.; Liu, S.; Du, Y.; Xiao, F.-S. Bread-template synthesis of hierarchical mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite with hydrothermally stable mesoporosity. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2009, 340, 126–130. [CrossRef] 16. Shanbhag, G.V.; Choi, M.; Kim, J.; Ryoo, R. Mesoporous sodalite: A novel, stable solid catalyst for base-catalyzed organic transformations. J. Catal. 2009, 264, 88–92. [CrossRef] 17. Groen, J.C.; Moulijn, J.A.; Pérez-Ramírez, J. Decoupling mesoporosity formation and acidity modification in ZSM-5 zeolites by sequential desilication-dealumination. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2005, 87, 153–161. [CrossRef]PDF Image | Synthesis of Uniform Mesoporous Zeolite ZSM-5 Catalyst
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