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The Future of Hydrogen 2019

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The Future of Hydrogen 2019 ( the-future-hydrogen-2019 )

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The Future of Hydrogen Chapter 1: Introduction In both ways, hydrogen has the potential to reinforce and connect different parts of the energy system. By producing hydrogen, renewable electricity can be used in applications that are better served by chemical fuels. Low-carbon energy can be supplied over very long distances, and electricity can be stored to meet weekly or monthly imbalances in supply and demand. Figure 1. 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Global annual demand for hydrogen since 1975 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Methanol 2015 2018e Other mixed Refining Ammonia Other pure DRI Notes: DRI = direct reduced iron steel production. Refining, ammonia and “other pure” represent demand for specific applications that require hydrogen with only small levels of additives or contaminants tolerated. Methanol, DRI and “other mixed” represent demand for applications that use hydrogen as part of a mixture of gases, such as synthesis gas, for fuel or feedstock. Source: IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Around 70 MtH2/yr is used today in pure form, mostly for oil refining and ammonia manufacture for fertilisers; a further 45 MtH2 is used in industry without prior separation from other gases. 2019: A moment of unprecedented momentum for hydrogen Interest in hydrogen’s potential as a widespread, low-carbon energy carrier is not new. Over recent decades a wide range of experts has researched the potential for producing hydrogen from diverse sources, transporting and storing it, and using it to provide final energy services without emissions. The two previous major cycles of enthusiasm for hydrogen focused largely on the use of fuel cells in the transport sector (Box 1). What is new today is both the breadth of possibilities for hydrogen use being discussed and the depth of political enthusiasm for those possibilities around the world. Hydrogen is increasingly a staple of mainstream energy conversations in almost all regions, with a diverse group of countries and companies all seeing hydrogen as having a potentially valuable and wide-ranging part to play in the future of energy. PAGE | 18 IEA. All rights reserved. Million tonnes of hydrogen

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