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The Future of Hydrogen Chapter 1: Introduction The crucial role for governments The risk that today’s interest in hydrogen does not translate into sustainable deployment and instead leads to a further cycle of disappointment is very real. Governments have a central role to play in avoiding this outcome and in helping hydrogen to achieve its potential. That raises the question of how far governments should go to facilitate the uptake of low-carbon hydrogen in the near term. Governments might be tempted to take a technology-neutral approach and leave it to the market to decide which technologies are adopted. This approach is generally sensible, but for the case of hydrogen there are also strong arguments for governments to take a more enabling approach. Indeed, as described previously, a number of governments are already doing so, as they have previously done for various low-carbon technologies. This report sets out to help public and private decision makers by providing the following: Chapters 2 to 5 combine key facts about hydrogen and energy with rigorous analysis. They deal with the supply of hydrogen (Chapter 2); its storage, transmission and distribution (Chapter 3); and its various end-use applications (Chapters 4 and 5). The cutting-edge analysis, including sensitivities, is intended to help governments put the facts into context and gauge their importance. This report does not present new scenarios for hydrogen deployment, but instead outlines the current status of technologies, their possible future development, and their economic and policy context (Box 2). Further work at both a global and local level will be required to inform specific policies, building upon the foundation provided by this report and the rapidly growing evidence base around the world. Chapter 6 provides suggestions for policies to build a springboard for hydrogen’s greater use over the next decade via the most promising near-term value chains. It identifies four real-world interconnected value chains that offer realistic potential to scale up clean hydrogen and to reduce costs, and concludes by highlighting specific, action-oriented recommendations for governments to consider. There are no easy answers to the questions currently facing decision makers, but the report finds several compelling reasons why governments might choose to consider boosting their efforts in support of low-carbon hydrogen. Individual governments will of course rightly want to weigh all the relevant facts, consider the analysis and come to their own conclusions in the light of their own circumstances. This report is intended to help inform deliberations and decisions by governments, as well as to inform discussions among governments and between governments and companies and other stakeholders. Box 2. How this report manages uncertainties about present and future costs and potentials The aim of this report is not to describe a vision for hydrogen in a future energy system, but rather to outline the status of technologies and their possible future development, and to describe their economic and policy context. Given the level of uncertainty about some of the relevant technologies and their competitors, certain assumptions have been made in order to present reasonable comparisons for the present and the future. Parameters for the cost and performance of technologies have been based on extensive literature analysis, conversations with experts and peer review. The values behind the numbers and charts in PAGE | 30 IEA. All rights reserved.PDF Image | The Future of Hydrogen 2019
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