PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 181
The Future of Hydrogen Chapter 6: Policies to boost momentum in key value chains Near-term policy priorities Targets and/or long-term policy signals. Governments at all levels should look seriously at industrial clusters as opportunities to scale up hydrogen in the 2030 timeframe. Developing cross-sectoral roadmaps and committing to deployment targets can be instrumental to bringing all stakeholders on board and to ensuring that visions for different industries are aligned in scale and timing. Demand creation. Technology-neutral instruments like CO2 pricing would provide an overarching incentive for low-carbon hydrogen use, with a price of USD 50 tCO2 potentially enabling investment in CCUS retrofit at refineries or ammonia plants where CO2 storage is accessible. Other measures could also help, including legal or voluntary commitments to meet CO2 intensity goals at a sectoral level (similar to low-carbon fuel standards) or to provide a given share of output from low-carbon inputs (as with renewable transport fuel obligations), public procurement rules or auctions, tax credits, and schemes that allow consumers to differentiate between products so that they can buy low-carbon products if they wish to. Investment risk mitigation. Supply chain risks and market uncertainty will persist for hydrogen use in most industrial applications over the next decade, especially where final product margins are tight. Specific risks also include cross-border variations in environmental regulations, and the risk of creating monopoly hydrogen suppliers of low-carbon hydrogen at high prices. To help manage these risks, governments might participate in project financing across borders, as in the EU Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEI), or organise competitive bidding for hydrogen supply contracts. In individual industrial clusters, or across a broader region, there may be an opportunity to spread risk for potential hydrogen buyers by establishing intermediaries that can sign multi-year contracts for future hydrogen supply, thus pooling their risk according to the scale and timing of their anticipated demand and providing more certainty for investors. Development of CCUS as a service business and special development zones could also help manage risks and therefore minimise costs R&D, strategic demonstration projects and knowledge sharing. Hydrogen is already extensively used in industry today, so much of the research and cost reduction can be undertaken by the private sector as commercial competition increases, especially on the demand side. On the supply side, public support for the first major applications of CCUS technologies in a given region and large-scale integrated electrolyser demonstrations can help ensure that some of the resulting knowledge is widely shared to accelerate subsequent adoption. However, for novel applications (especially those at low technology readiness levels) and complex demonstrations, there might still be a case for public R&D support. Demonstration projects must be linked to overall energy policies and strategies, to avoid one-off projects that do not contribute to sustainable scale-up. In the steel sector, 100% hydrogen DRI needs further refinement and demonstration, and the emergent option of ammonia in DRI can be investigated. To facilitate large-scale demand for hydrogen and hydrogen-based products, proving and improving the (co-)firing of hydrogen in turbines and (co-)firing of ammonia in boilers/turbines/fuel cells are needed for de-risking. Improvements to the storage of hydrogen, including as liquid hydrogen, would also be valuable. Harmonising standards, removing barriers. Areas that would benefit from international harmonisation and common standards include hydrogen purity and pipeline specifications for industry, comparable to ISO standards in the transport sector, safety protocols for the use of hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels and feedstocks, and “guarantees of origin” (Table 12). PAGE | 181 IEA. All rights reserved.PDF Image | The Future of Hydrogen 2019
PDF Search Title:
The Future of Hydrogen 2019Original File Name Searched:
the_future_of_hydrogen.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |