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Catalysts 2015, 5 2182 methane reforming to syngas during its permeation through the membrane. The permselective permeation of CO and H2 across the membrane contributed to enhanced CH and CO conversion of 73.6 and 82.4 mol % at 700 ◦C vs. 45 and 42 attributed to the dilution of the steam by N2 leading to reduced H2O counter-diffusion effect due to the 52 mol % over the fixed-bed reactor, respectively. Moreover, the coke deposition and lower driving force though the membrane. Operating under low sweep steam flow rate as well as low thus the catalyst deactivation were remarkably reduced in the membrane reactor. feed pressure and H2O/CO ratio contributed to highly pure H2 permeate streams. Figure 5. Water gas shift (WGS) reaction in a MFI zeolite membrane reactor (sweep: Figure 5. Water gas shift (WGS) reaction in a MFI zeolite membrane reactor (sweep: N2, at N , at atmospheric pressure, WHSV a−t17500 h−1 and ratio of H O/CO = 3.5): Influence 22 atmospheric pressure, WHSV at 7500 h and ratio of H2O/CO = 3.5): Influence of reaction of reaction pressure and temperature on CO conversion (χ ), hydrogen recovery pressure and temperature on CO conversion (χ ), hydrogen recovery and permeate co (R ) and permeate side H concentration (γ ). Reprinted with permission side H2 concentration γ . Reprinted with permiss H2 ,2 H from [154]. 4.1.5. Hydrogenation One of the most significant current discussions as previously mentioned is the need to reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and so mitigate the greenhouse effect. Thereby, the CO2 utilization as a useful chemical, e.g., through hydrogenation reactions to yield methanol used as fuel or basic chemical, is considered as a promising alternative [190]. Zeolite membrane reactors could be applied in order to assure removal of the condensable products (CH3OH and H2O) and to improve the methanol yield in the equilibrium limited reaction. The principle was first theoretically discussed by Barbieri et al. [217]. The authors confirmed the benefit of using either hydrophilic or hydrophobic zeolite membranes in terms of improved conversion, methanol selectivity and yield by operating at lower reaction volumes and residence times as well as higher temperatures and lower pressures compared to the conventional tubular reactor. The CO2 conversion into methanol was Figure 6. Schematic illustration of a WGS membrane reactor with modified hollow fibre later experimentally studied by Gallucci et al. in a membrane reactor with a zeolite MNFaIAzmeoelimtebmraenmebernancleoswinegptabfiyxsetdeabmedapopflCieudOin-ZancOo/unAtelrO-difcfuastaiolynstto[w1a7r0d]s. Gthenreracltliyo,n 23 stihde.mRemprbinratendewreiathctpoerrmwiassiaobnlefrtomdi[s1p5l7a]y. ChiogphyerrigChOt (2c0o1n5v)eJroshinonWainledysaenledcStiovnitsy. than 2 4.1.4. Hydrogen Permeation in Syngas Production 29 The benefit of using zeolitic PBMRs over the traditional fixed-bed reactor has also been reported by Liu et al. [215,216] for selective product permeation in CO2 reforming of methane for syngas production. The authors employed a combination of catalytic composite zeolite membranes either 2, p i on from [154].PDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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