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T c w ho Ct hu oh eO hereby, syngas permeated through the membrane to the core catalyst and reacted to straight-chai ydrocarbons which were then hydrocracked and isomerized while passing the zeolite channels as sho hematically in Figure 12. Figure 12. Schematic drawing of a core/shell catalyst in the synthesis of i-paraffins Figure 12. Schematic drawing of a core/shell catalyst in the synthesis of i-paraffins from from syngas, where the core catalyst is responsible for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis syngas, whearnedtthe zceoorleitecmateamlybsrtaniesfroerstphoenfusirbthler fhoyrdrtohceracFkiisncghaenrd-Tisrompsecrihzatsiyontohfesis and the n-paraffins to i-paraffins. zeolite membrane for the further hydrocracking and isomerization of n-paraffins to i-paraffins. Based on early literature reports revealing the improved selectivity of The formation of C10+ hydrocarbons was completely suppressed. Moreover, an indication was give C5+ hydrocarbons due to addition of Zr as promotor to Co-based Fischer-Tropsch at the size of the pellets affects the properties of the capsule catalyst since coating smaller pellets catalysts [278–280], Huang et al. [258] prepared H-ZSM-5 enwrapped CoZr catalyst o/SiO2 resulted in a higher i-paraffin/n-paraffin ratio. However, the prepared core-shell catalys particles and evaluated their activity for the direct synthesis of gasoline-ranged i-paraffins. The authors employed aluminum isopropoxide as Al source during owed higher methane selectivity compared to the mechanical mixture of Co/SiO2 and H-ZSM-5 d membrane synthesis and confirmed its beneficial impact with respect to the the lower diffusion efficiency for CO caused by the different diffusion rates of CO and H2 in t minimized coke deposition. The core-shell catalyst exhibited lower activity compared olite pores. The same working group managed to coat H-beta membranes onto the surface of Co/Al2 to the solo CoZr catalyst or the physical mixture of CoZr and zeolite powder. Nevertheless, lower methane selectivity and facilitated selectivity towards n- and i-C5–11 hydrocarbons were reported. Significantly decreased methane selectivity compared to Co-based core catalysts was observed on Fe-based catalyst pellets coated with H-ZSM-5 zeolite membranes [257]. Fused iron-based capsule catalyst covered with H-modernite zeolite-shell, synthesized without organic template exhibited increased CO conversion and nearly 8 times higher i-paraffin/n-paraffin ratio compared to the core catalyst [281]. However, since the fused iron (FI) catalyst is lacking in surface hydroxyl groups, its surface was modified by initial threatment with a solution of an organic adhesive, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTES), and ethanol as shown in Figure 13. In the next step, the pretreated catalyst was immersed in a silicalite-1/ethanol solution so that the surface could adsorb silicalite-1 since this layer provides Si-OH groups for sticking the zeolite shell. In the final step, modernite (MOR) shell was crystallized without the use of template at 180 ◦C for 48 h under rotation. The obtained HMOR/FI core/shell catalyst exhibited increased 51PDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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