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Figure 1. XRD patterns of HB(12), HB(77), acid-treated HB (A); alkali-treated and alkali-acid-treated HB (B) catalysts. On the other hand, it was apparent that the crystallinities of the alkali-treated HB were dependent on the alkali treatment conditions, i.e., NaOH concentration. The crystallinity was gradually decreased with an increase in the NaOH concentration (Figure 1B), meaning that the structure was partially destroyed due to desilication (and/or dealumination), especially after 0.2 M NaOH treatment. In addition, the crystallinity was slightly decreased after 0.05 M NaOH treatment followed by 0.2 or 1 M HNO3 treatment. However, it was slightly recovered after 0.05 M NaOH treatment followed by 2 M HNO3 treatment (Figure 1B). 2.1.2. SEM The SEM images revealed that HB(12) was composed of dispersed nanoparticles with ca. 20 nm (Figure 2a,b). The HB(77) particles were uniform and exhibited an average particle size of ca. 200–300 nm (Figure 2c). At high magnification, these particles appeared to be assemblies of very small Beta zeolite crystals (ca. 20 nm) (Figure 2d). The morphology and size of HB particles were almost unchanged after acid treatment (Figure 2e,f). On the other hand, the edge of the aggregated HB particles became blurry and some of the large particles were broken into small ones after alkali treatment (Figure 3a–d). This may be related to the formation of amorphous species (Figure 1B). Moreover, it can be observed that some small particles formed after alkali treatment followed by acid treatment (Figure 3e,f). These facts suggested that alkali treatment (and subsequent acid treatment) affected the particle morphology. 78PDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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