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performance of H-beta in acylation of phenolics is well known and widely described in the literature, for example in the acylation of anisole with acetic anhydride (a process developed by Rhodia); however, acylation of veratrole is preferably carried out with H-Y zeolites [2]. Overall, we can state that despite both the large number of papers reporting on the use of zeolites for the acylation of phenolics (see Table 1) and the various interpretations advanced to explain the superior performance of one zeolite type over others, a clear picture as to the possible reasons for the differences in the catalytic behavior for this reaction has not yet been produced. Furthermore, in our case, the better performance of H-beta zeolites over H-Y for HBPs’ production, notwithstanding the well-known analogies of H-BEA and H-FAU zeolite types, is difficult to explain, even though it is clearly attributable to a remarkably less efficient transformation rate of the intermediately-formed PB with H-Y. This difference is greater between samples having the lowest Al content, i.e., HB-150 and HY-100; in fact, the latter catalyst was substantially inactive in PB conversion into HBPs. Further studies are needed in order to develop a better understanding of the main zeolite characteristics that affect the catalytic properties in phenolic acylation. 3. ExperimentalSection H-beta zeolites: commercial samples purchased from Zeolyst International (Conshohocken, PA, USA) (HB-38, HB-75 and HB-150) and from ZEOCHEM (Uetikon am See, Switzerland) (HB-13) were used. H-Y zeolites: commercial samples were purchased from TOSOH (Tokyo, Japan) (HY-3, HY-7 and HY-100). Porosimetry was determined using a Micromeritics (Norcross, GA, USA) ASAP 2020 instrument. Thermal-programmed-desorption of ammonia (10% in He) was carried out using a TPDRO 1000 Thermo Finnigan Italia (Rodano, Italia) instrument. Samples were first pre-treated at 550 ◦C for 1 h; then, pulses of ammonia were fed onto the sample maintained at a temperature of 180 ◦C. The temperature was then raised (10 ◦C/min) up to 550 ◦C, and the sample was left at this temperature for 1 h, until the complete desorption of the ammonia. FTIR spectra in the transmission mode were recorded after the adsorption of pyridine vapors under a vacuum on a self-supported thin film of the sample. The sample was initially pre-treated at 550 ◦C for 2 h; then, the cell was saturated with pyridine vapors at 100 ◦C, for 30 min. Lastly, the sample was heated at increasing temperatures, and the IR spectrum was recorded at defined temperature intervals. In a typical benzoylation reaction, phenol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) (0.1 g), benzoic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) (0.13 g) (molar ratio phenol/benzoic acid = 1) and the catalyst (10 wt. % with respect to the reactants) were loaded without solvent in a sealed test tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer. 131PDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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