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needed for more environmentally friendly and cost-effective NOx reduction [6]. One promising approach is the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) for NOx removal. It is particularly attractive, since it can be applied at ambient temperature and pressure and since solar illumination can be utilized as a readily available energy source [7]. Although Fujishima and Honda [8] already promoted the field of photocatalysis in 1972, the first report on PCO for the removal of NOx over TiO2 was first reported by Ibusuki and Takeuchi [9] only in 1994. TiO2 is considered one of the most suitable semiconductor photocatalysts due to its high stability towards photocorrosion, biological and chemical inertness as well as low cost and low toxicity [10]. The commercialization of TiO2-based photocatalysts commenced in the mid-1990s. Applications are found, e.g., in materials for construction, furnishing, or road-construction, as well as purification facilities and household goods [11]. PCO of NOx over TiO2 was studied using active building materials, e.g., paints, pavement stones and other concrete-based products [12–17]. The PCO approach includes oxidation of NOx to NO3 ́, which can be washed off the surface by water, e.g., from rain [15–18]. By varying the calcination temperature of TiO2 prepared by the hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide, Hashimoto et al. [19] have shown that a higher photocatalytic activity in the PCO of NOx can be achieved over smaller TiO2 crystals in comparison to a commercial TiO2. Most importantly, it was proven by Nakamura et al. [20] using in situ Fourier-Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and by Dalton et al. [21] using surface-specific techniques such as X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy that the PCO of NO over TiO2 proceeds consecutively from NO to NO3 ́ via NO2 ́. The amounts of NO3 ́ and NO2 ́ formed over TiO2 sheets can be influenced by added metal compounds [22]. Furthermore, NOx can be oxidized over TiO2 under UV irradiation in air to nitric acid (HNO3) [9]. The formed HNO3 molecules adsorbed on the TiO2 surface act as a barrier reducing the photocatalytic activity. One approach to avoid this reduction in photocatalytic activity is to add porous materials such as activated carbon, alumina, silica or zeolites to the catalytic system to adsorb the PCO products and maintain high photocatalytic activity [23–25]. The combination of an adsorptive with a catalytic functionality was also applied, e.g., in the decomposition of 2-chloroethylethylsulfide over copper oxide on a spherical activated carbon [26]. The advantage of using an adsorbent during photocatalytic oxidation of H2S was reported by Portela et al. [27]. A reduced selectivity for SO2 was obtained employing a hybrid material consisting of TiO2 with sepiolite as an adsorbent. Zeolites are especially suitable as adsorbents for this purpose due to their high specific surface area, tunable hydrophobic/hydrophilic surface properties, availability on an industrial scale and low environmental impact [28–30]. Guo et al. [31] prepared composites of ZSM-5 with different nSi/nAl ratios of 500, 200 and 25 with TiO2 (P25) using a solid-state dispersion method. An increasing hydrophobic character of zeolites 155PDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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