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high stability, the chemical utilization efficiency is still low. Currently, they are mostly used as low-added value fuel. So, using less valuable but industrially abundant C4 alkanes as feedstock to produce light olefins and aromatics has been attracting increasing attention [1–3]. Compared with the current main process of steam cracking for the production of light olefins, catalytic cracking, due to the introduction of catalyst, can reduce the reaction temperature and energy consumption, and it also can improve the selectivity to light olefins, especially to that of propylene [4]. Up to now, three kinds of catalysts have been proposed for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons, including zeolites [5–7], metal oxides [8,9], and composite catalysts [10,11]. Among various catalysts, ZSM-5 zeolite is a typical and superior candidate because of its excellent stability, adjustable acidity, and special pore structure [3,12–14]. To further improve the catalytic cracking performances of ZSM-5 zeolite, many modifications have been reported, including alkaline earth metal [15], transition metal [16], rare earth elements [17], phosphorus modification, etc. [18]. The above modifications can modulate the amount of acidic sites and the acid strength of ZSM-5 zeolites, thus enhancing the selectivity to light olefins and promoting the catalytic performances of ZSM-5. In addition to the regulation of acidity, the optimization of the pore structure is another effective strategy to enhance the catalytic performances of zeolite catalysts. In this context, nano ZSM-5 zeolites [19], mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites [20], nanosheets of zeolite [21], and other hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites [12] have been reported. Due to the introduction of pores with different levels, the accessibility of active sites of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites can be improved greatly. Meanwhile, the transportation capability for feedstock of large sizes could be also enhanced. Among various hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites, hierarchical ZSM-5 fibers have received much concern because the hierarchical ZSM-5 fibers not only possess the high catalytic activity of zeolite, but also have high mass transfer performance and low pressure drop. Previously, we reported a versatile and facile method for the fabrication of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite fibers with macro-meso-microporosity by coaxial electrospinning, and it was found that suitable acidity and the hierarchical porosity contribute to the excellent catalytic performances in the catalytic cracking of iso-butane [12]. Although many catalysts have been proposed for catalytic cracking of C4 alkanes, there are few reports on the catalysts for efficient conversion of n-butane, the most stable component in C4 hydrocarbons. To promote the catalytic conversion of n-butane, the introduction of dehydrogenation component in the current acid-based zeolite to construct the bifunctional catalyst may provide a good solution [22,23]. Many metal oxide-based catalysts have been reported for the dehydrogenation of alkanes, such as vanadia-based [24,25], chromium-based [26–28], gallium-based [29,30], etc. So in the present study, using n-butane as feedstock, we 178PDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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