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cracking of rapeseed oil over nano-ZSM-5 using a fixed bed reactor. It was found that the shortened diffusion path lengths along with the reduced acid site amount prevented the further transformation of primary C2–C4 olefins, thereby increasing the yield and selectivity to lower olefins. Considering this, it is reasonable that the superior selectivity to C2–C4 olefins in the cracking of triolein over ZSC-24 originates from the combination of the catalyst’s medium acid site amount and improved diffusion characteristics provided by the bimodal pore system. 2.2.2. Catalytic Cracking of WCO The performance of ZSC-24 compared to the reference catalysts Al-SBA-15 and H-ZSM-5 was evaluated in the catalytic cracking of real feedstock WCO under optimized cracking conditions (T = 550 ◦C and CTO ratio = 0.4 g·g−1). First, the effect of thermal cracking of WCO was checked in a blank test at 550 ◦C using glass beads as inert material. Table 4 gives the overall data on the catalytic performance of the different catalysts. One can see that there is a significant difference in the conversion of WCO. Commercial H-ZSM-5 looks highly active, showing an almost complete conversion of 91.5 wt. %, followed by ZSC-24 (70.6 wt. %) and Al-SBA-15 (58.3 wt. %). Without the presence of the catalyst, the thermal degradation of WCO yields the least conversion of 26.4 wt. %. A good correlation of the conversion and the acid site amount can be observed (Tables 1 and 4). This further supports the important role of acid sites in the conversion of intermediate fatty acids into lighter and more valuable hydrocarbons [8,10]. Table 4. Performance of ZSC-24 and the reference catalysts Al-SBA-15 and H-ZSM-5 in the cracking of WCO at 550 ◦C and a CTO ratio of 0.4 g·g−1. Catalyst Conversion (wt. %) Glass beads 26.4 7.9 1.6 2.1 2.3 4.2 17.3 29.0 44.6 0.1 1.1 ZSC-24 H-ZSM-5 Al-SBA-15 Product yields (wt. %) Total gas Dry gas LPG C2–C4 olefins CO/CO2 C5+ Gasoline LCO HCO Coke Water 70.6 91.5 58.3 30.7 48.8 17.0 2.6 8.2 2.2 22.1 33.7 8.6 22.7 30.4 8.5 5.9 6.9 6.3 32.2 35.0 34.3 17.7 4.0 30.4 11.7 4.5 11.2 1.4 1.2 1.7 6.3 6.5 5.3 Selectivity to C2–C4 olefin (%) a wt. % on a feed basis; a fraction of C2–C4 olefins per total C2–C4 hydrocarbons. 67.6 93.2 73.5 83.3 198PDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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