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enables ZSC-24 not only to promote the formation of light olefins, but also effectively to protect them from further transformation. To discuss the effect of feedstock composition, the results obtained from the cracking of triolein and WCO under the same conditions (ZSC-24, 550 ◦C and CTO ratio = 0.4 g·g−1) are used (Tables 3 and 4). It appears that the cracking of WCO produces more light olefins but less gasoline than the cracking of triolein. However, these observed differences in the yields of gasoline and lower olefins are not significant compared to that reported by Dupain et al. [6], who converted triglyceride-based feedstock with FCC catalysts under realistic FCC conditions (525 ◦C and 4 s). They found that the cracking of saturated stearic acid produced considerably higher yields of gasoline and light olefins (approximately 57 and 14 wt. %, respectively) than the cracking of unsaturated rapeseed oil (approximately 34 and 3 wt. % for gasoline and light olefins, respectively). It was postulated that the fast aromatization of unsaturated fatty acid over the large pore zeolite Y-based catalyst led to the formation of polyaromatics that are recalcitrant against further cracking. Taking this into account, the minor shift in the yields of gasoline and lower olefins over ZSC-24 confirms that the formation of polyaromatics has been Catalysts 2015, 5 largely suppressed. 1699 A H-ZSM-5 ZSC-24 c-2-Butene i-Butene 1-Butene t-2-Butene n-Butane i-Butane Propene Propane Ethene Ethane Methane n-Paraffins i-Paraffins Aromatics Naphthenes Olefins Unidentified B H-ZSM-5 ZSC-24 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Gas composition / wt% 30 40 50 60 70 Figure 2. Gaseous hydrocarbon (A) and gasoline (B) compositions in the catalytic Figure 2. Gaseous hydrocarbon (A) and gasoline (B) compositions in the catalytic cracking cracking of WCO over ZSC-24 and H-ZSM-5 at 550 ◦C and a CTO ratio o−f10.4 (g·g−1) of WCO over ZSC-24 and H-ZSM-5 at 550 °C and a CTO ratio of 0.4 (g∙g ) (wt. % on a (wt. % on a product basis). product basis). 3. Experimental Section 3.1. Catalyst Preparation The representative nano-ZSM-5/SBA-15 analo2g00composite, pre-crystallized for 24 h (denoted as ZSC-24), was prepared according to the synthesis procedure as reported in the previous work [14]. Briefly, the zeolite seed solution was pre-crystallized for 24 h to partially form nano-ZSM-5 crystals and then added to the surfactant solution to convert unreacted precursors into an ordered mesoporous SBA-15 analog. Finally, the resulting nano-ZSM-5/SBA-15 analog composite (ZSC-24) was activated 0 10 20 Gasoline composition / wt% by protonation. For comparison, Al-SBA-15 was prepared under the same conditions as for synthesis ofPDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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