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Sensors 2021, 21, 3119 7 of 23 3.2. Functions and Events of Smart NFTs Table 2 shows the main functions and events of a smart NFT, which are defined in its interface. The pseudo-codes of the functions createToken, updateTimestamp, setTimeout, and checkTimeout are shown in Table 3. The function createToken is implicit in the ERC-721 standard. However, the proposed smart NFT defines it explicitly to link the device BCA address to the tokenId. In our proposal, only an agent identified as manufacturer can create the token. It is defined in the constructor of the smart contract associated with the smart NFT. The function updateTimestamp, which can be carried out only by the device, can be seen as a proof of liveness of the device. The function setTimeout lets the owner establish how much time the device has to again prove that it is operating properly. Device malfunctioning can be detected with the function checkTimeout. This function is employed in many of the functions described below. The pseudo-codes of the functions transferFrom, and setUser are shown in Table 4. The function transferFrom defines the new owner and generates the event Transfer when finished (if the device is operating correctly). The function setUser defines the new user. Only a user can use the device bound to the token. Therefore, if the owner needs to use the device, the owner BCA address has to be defined as user BCA address. If a device is already engaged with an owner, mutual authentication is not required again if the owner is defined as user. The function setUser generates the event UserAssigned when finished (and the device is operating correctly). If the device is malfunctioning, the event TimeoutAlarm is sent. Devices, owners, and users have to be subscribed to events to be aware of the transferences. In the case of devices, these events make them aware of a change in the operating mode, as detailed in the next section. Table 2. Functions and events of Smart NFTs. Functions and Events function transferFrom (address _from, address _to, uint256 _tokenId) external payable; function ownerOf (uint256 _tokenId) external view returns(address); function balanceOf (address _owner) external view returns(uint256); function createToken (address _device, address _owner) external view returns (uint256); function startOwnerEngagement (uint256 _tokenId, uint256 _dataEngagement, uint256 _hashK_O) external; function ownerEngagement (uint256 _tokenId, uint256 _hashK_D) external; function startUserEngagement (uint256 _tokenId, uint256 _dataEngagement, uint 256 _hashK_U) external; function userEngagement (uint256 _tokenId, uint256 _ hashK_D) external; function setUser (uint256 tokenId, address _user) external; function tokenFromAddress (address _device) external view returns (uint256); function ownerOfFromAddress (address _device) external view returns (address); function userOfFromAddress (address _device) external view returns (address); function userOf (uint256 _tokenId) external view returns (address); function userBalanceOf (address _user) external view returns (address); function userBalanceOfAnOwner (address _user, address _owner) external view returns (address); function updateTimestamp () external; function setTimeout (uint256 _tokenId, uint256 _timeout) external; function checkTimeout (uint256 _tokenId) external returns (bool); event Transfer (address _from, address _to, uint256 _tokenId); event OwnerEngaged (uint256 _tokenId); event UserAssigned (uint256 _tokenId, address _user); event UserEngaged (uint256 _tokenId); event TimeoutAlarm (uint256 _tokenId); Defined by ERC-721 Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No NoPDF Image | Binding IOT to Smart Non-Fungible Tokens Using PUF
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