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335,787 Figs.2and6,isfastenedtothetopplate,B, magnetismofthewholecompoundmagnetis andhookedtothelevert.Thehookoistodiminished. ... Withregardtothearmaturegandtheop sidewise,asseeninFig.6. Bythismeansa erationofthelamp,thepoleinmaybetermed slighttendencyisgiventoswingthearmature asthe“clamping'andthepolen'asthe“re towardthepole-piecem ofthemainmagnet. leasing’pole. Thebinding-postsKKarepreferably Asthecarbonsburnaway,thefinewirere screwedtothebaseA. Amanualswitch,for ceivesmorecurrentandthemagnetismdi75 short-circuitingthelampwhenthecarbons minishesinproportion.Thiscausesthearma O arerenewed,isalsotobefastenedtothebase. ture-leverLtoswingandthearmaturegto Thisswitchisofordinarycharacter,andisnot descendgraduallyundertheweightofthe showninthedrawings. movingpartsuntiltheendp,Fig.1,strikes TherodRiselectricalyconnectedtothe-astoponthetopplate,B. Theadjustmentis lamp-framebymeansofaflexibleconductor suchthatwhenthistakesplacetherodRis ward onesideoftheleverorbentalitle I5orotherwise. Thelamp-casereceivesare movableornamentalcover,s,aroundthesame toinclosetheparts. Theelectricalconnectionsareasindicated diagrammaticallyinFig.7. Thewireinthemainmagnetconsistsoftwo parts,a'andp'. Thesetwopartsmaybein twoseparatedcoilsorinonesinglehelix,as showninthedrawings. Thepartac'being normallyincircuit,is,withthefinewireupon 25theshunt-magnet,woundandtraversedbythe currentinthesamedirection,soastotendto producesimilarpoles,nnors,onthecor respondingpole-piecesofthemagnetsMand N. Thepartp'isonlyincircuitwhenthe 3Olampiscutout,andthenthecurrentbeingin theoppositedirectionproducesinthemain magnetmagnetismoftheoppositepolarity. Theoperationisasfollows:Atthestartthe carbonsaretobeincontact,andthecurrent 35passesfromthepositivebinding-postKtothe lamp-frame,carbon-holder,upperandlower carbon,insulatedreturn-wireinoneofthe siderods,andfromtherethroughtheparta' ofthewireonthemainmagnettothenega. tivebinding-post. Uponthepassageofthe currentthemainmagnetisenergizedandat tractstheclamping-arinatureg,swingingthe clampandgrippingtherodbymeansofthe yetgrippedsecurelybythejawse.e. The furtherdownwardmovementofthearmature leverbeingprevented,thearcbecomeslonger asthecarbonsareconsumed,andthecom85 pound magnet is weakened more and more untiltheclamping-armaturegreleasesthe holdofthegrippingjawseeupontherodR, andtherodisallowedtodropalitle,short eningthusthearc. Thefinewirenowre90 ceivinglescurrent,themagnetismincreases, andtherodisclampedagainandslightly raised,ifnecessary. Thisclampingand re leasingoftherodcontinuesuntilthecarbons areconsumed. Inpracticethefeedissosen-95 sitivethatforthegreatestpartofthetimethe movementoftherodcannotbedetectedwith outsomeactualmeasurement. Duringthe normaloperationofthelampthearmature leverL.remainsstationary,ornearlyso,inIOO thepositionshowninFig.1. Shoulditarisethat,owingtoanimperfec tionintherod,thesameandthecarbonsdrop toofar,soastomakethearctooshort,oreven bringthecarbonsincontact,thenaverysmallIO5 amountofcurrentpassesthroughthefinewire, andthecompoundmagnetbecomessufficient lystrongtoactasonthestartinpullingthe armature-leverLdownandseparatingthe carbonstoagreaterdistance. IO gripping-jawsee.Atthesametimethear Itoccursofteninpracticethattherodsticks net M. Thiscut-outoperatesasfolows:When,upon ItwilbeseenthatthearrnaturesLand9 afailureofthefed,thearcreachesacertain arepracticalythekeepersforthemagnetsM predeterminedlength,suchanamountofcur andN,andowingtothisfactbothmagnets witheitheroneofthearnaturesLandgmay 55 beconsideredasonehorseshoe-magnet,which wemightterma“compoundmagnet.' The wholeofthesoft-ironpartsm,m,g,n',n,and Lformacompoundmagnet. Thecarbonsbeingseparated,thefinewire 6oreceivesaportionofthecurent. Now,the .magneticinductionfromthemagnetMissuch astoproduceoppositepolesonthecorre spondingendsofthemagnetN;butthecur rentisdivertedthroughthefinewirethattheI2O polarityofthecompoundmagnetisreversed. Theclamping-armaturegisnowmovedagainst theshunt-magnetNuntilitstrikesthereleas ing-polem'. Assoonasthecontactisestab lished, the current passes from the positive I25 binding-postovertheclamp ,armatureg, insulatedshunt-magnet,andthehelixp'upo themainmagnetMtothenegativebinding post. Inthiscasethecurrentpassesinthe oppositedirectionandchangesthepolarityofI3O renttraversingthehelicestendstoproduce themagnetM,atthesametimemaintaining similar poles on the corresponding ends of by magnetic induction in the core of shunt bothmagnets,andthereforeassoonasthefine magnettherequiredmagnetismwithoutre wireistraversedbysuficientcurrentthe versalofpolarity,andthearmaturegremains intheguides. Inthiscasethearcreachesa greatlength,untilitfinalybreaks. Thenthe lightgoesout,andfrequentlythefinewireis 45 mature-leverLispulleddownandthecar bonsseparated. Inpullingdownthearma ture-leverLthemainmagnetisassistedby theshunt-magnetN,thelaterbeingmag injured. Topreventsuchanaccident,Ipro-I15 netizedbymagneticinductionfromthemag videmylampwithanautomaticcut-out.PDF Image | Nikola Tesla Electric Arc Lamp 335787
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