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O ingElectricConductors,ofwhichthefollow roundingorcontiguoustotheconductor, ingisaspecification,referencebeinghadto usingforthepurposeagaseouscoolingagent theaccompanyingdrawings. circulatingthroughoneormoresuitablechan Ithaslongbeenknownthatmanysub nelsextendingthroughoriuproximitytothe stanceswhicharemoreorlesconducting saidmaterial. wheninthefluidconditionbecomeinsula Itithepracticalcarryingoutofmymethod tarswhensolidified. Thuswater,whichis Imayemployahollowconductorandpas inameasureconducting,acquiresinsulating the cooling agent through the same, thus UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. NIKOLATESLA,OFNEW YORK,N.Y. METHOD OF NSULATING ELECTRC CONDUCTORS. SPECIFICATIONformingpartofReissuedLettersPatentNo.11,865datedOctober23,1900. OriginalNo.65,838,datedAugust14,190,AplicationforreisuefiledSeptembet21,190,SerialNo.30,72, Toalwhon itmayconcern. abovefactsandadvantageousintheutiliza BeitknownthatI,NIKOLATESLA,acitizen tionofelectricalenergyforindustrialand 55 oftheUnitedStates,residingintheborough cominercialpurposes. ofManhattan,inthecity,county,andState Thismethodconsistsininsulatinganelec ofNewYork,haveinventedcertainnewand tricconductorbyfreezingorsolidifyingand 5 usefulImprovementsinMethodsofInsulat maintaininginsuchstatethematerialsur propertieswhenconvertedintoice. Theex freezingthewaterorotherunediumincon 5 istinginformationonthissubject,however, tactwithorclosetosuchconductor,orImay hasbeenheretoforeofageneralnatureonly useexpresslyforthecirculationofthecool7c. andchieflyderivedfromtheoriginalobserva ingagentanindependentchannelandfreze tionsofFaraday,whoestimatedthatthesub orsolidifytheadjacentsubstanceinwhich stancesuponwhichheexperimented,such anynumberofconductorsmaybeembedded. aswaterandaqueoussolutions,insulatean Theconductorsmaybebareorcoveredwith electricaly-chargedconductoraboutonehun somematerialwhichiscapableofkeeping75 y theminsulatedwhenitisfrozeno'solidified. dredtimesbetterwhenrenderedsolidb Thefrozenmassmaybeindirecttouchwith frezing,andnoattempthasbeenmadeto thesurroundingmedium,oritInaybeinade 25improvethequalityoftheinsulationobtained greeprotectedfromcontactwiththesameby bythismeansortopracticalyutilizeitfor aninclosuremoreorlesimpervioustoheat. suchpurposesasarecontemplatedinmypres Thecolingagentmaybeanykindofgas,as entinvention. Inthecourseofmyownin atmosphericair,oxygen,carbonicacid,am vestigations,moreespecialythoseoftheelec monia,iluminating-gas,orhydrogen.Itmay tricpropertiesofice,Ihavediscoveredsorine beforcedthroughthechannelbypressureor novelandimportantfacts,ofwhichthemora suctionproducedmechanicallyorotherwise. prominentarethefolowing:first,thatunder Itmaybecontinuallyrenewedorindefinitely certainconditions,whentheleakageofthe used,beingdrivenbackandforth.orsteadily electricchargeordinarilytakingplaceisrig circulatedinclosedpathsunderanysuitable 35 orouslyprevented,iceprovesitselftobea conditionsasregardspresure,density,tem muchbeterinsulatorthanhasheretoforeap perature,andvelocity. . peared;second,thatitsinsulatingproperties Toconducetoabeterunderstandingof90 maybestilfurtherimprovedbytheaddi theinvention,referenceisnowmadetoth tionofotherbodiestothewater;third,that accompanyingdrawings,inwhich 40thedielectricstrengthoficeorotherfrozen Figures1,3,6,7,8,and9ilustrateinlon aqueoussubstanceincreaseswiththereduc gitudinalsectiontypicalwaysofcarryingout tionoftemperatureandcorrespondingin myinvention;andFigs.2,4,,and10,in95 creaseofhardness,and,fourth,thatthese section,orpartlyso,constructivedetailstobe bodiesafordastilmoreefectiveinsulation described. 45forconductorscaryingintermitentoralter InFig.1,Cisaholloweonductor,suchas natingcurents,particularlyofhighrates, asteltube,laidinabodyofwaterandcoin surprisingly-thinlayersoficebeingcapable inunicatingwithareservoirr",butelectric OO ofwithstandingelectromotiveforcesofmany alyinsulatedfromthesameati. Apump hundredsandeventhousandsofvolts.These orcompressorp,ofanysuitableconstruction, andotherobservationshaveledmetothein connectsr'withanothersimilartankr,pro vetitionofanovelmethodofinsulatingcon ductors,renderedpracticablebyreasonofthe videdwithaninlet-valvev TheairorotherPDF Image | Nikola Tesla Method of Insulating Electric Conductors 11865
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