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the potential impacts of thermal storage technologies, thin film glass mirrors, improved heat collection units, improved trough support structures, and other technical opportunities to improve CSP technology.”9 • Noted the commencement of planning for CSP projects in Spain and South Africa. 10 Assessment of the Potential Impact of CSP Just as R&D advancements and the availability of a detailed analysis changed the technical conclusions from the first to the second NRC assessments, events that occurred after the second NRC report have since changed the outlook for CSP deployment. Foremost among the changes are policies initiated by States and the Federal Government: • Many States have implemented renewable portfolio standards (RPS’s) which encourage the deployment of solar technologies, including CSP. Nevada’s RPS specifically encourages the deployment of solar technologies. California leads the country with an RPS that requires that 20 percent of the State’s power come from renewable energy by 2010.11 • The Federal Government, through Section 1335 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005), established a 30 percent investment tax credit for solar installations.12 Since the NRC report in 2002, several CSP projects have been developed or are in the planning stage. All these projects are a result of the state RPS’s. A 64 MW project, for example, is under construction in Nevada and is expected to become operational during 2007. It will be the largest solar project built in the U.S. since 1991. Increased deployment of CSP could have several benefits: • Adding CSP to the generation mix of a State would contribute to expanding a domestic energy supply, better air quality, and a hedge against possible future tax on carbon emissions. • All CSP technologies can be deployed as large centrally-located power plants, the type of systems that utilities have operated for years and with which they are most comfortable, while some CSP technologies can also be deployed as smaller-scale distributed generation resources. • CSP could have local economic development benefits because long-term fuel costs associated with conventional electricity generation (e.g. natural gas, coal) are replaced by operations and maintenance costs (i.e. labor).13,14,15 CSP thus provides a hedge against the volatile costs seen in energy prices during the past several years.16 A DOE report for the Western Governors’ Association (WGA) in 2005 provided an assessment of the potential impact of CSP. It found that by using only available land with the most intense sunshine, over 6,800 GW of electricity could be generated in the Southwest.17 To put this in perspective, the electric generating capacity of the entire country is currently about 1,000 GW.18 The report emphasized that the analysis was done only to indicate the size of the solar resource, not to indicate it would be possible or practical to build solar plants to produce that much power. vPDF Image | 2007 Concentrating Solar Power USA DOE
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