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These numbers were based on a Geographic Information Systems analysis to identify candidate areas in the Southwest. Several filters were used to determine which land was suitable for CSP plants: • Only lands with an average daily solar resource of 6.75 kWh/m2 or above • 500 contiguous acres of land minimum • Land with 1 percent or less slope • Excluded designated urban areas, national parks, national preserves, wilderness areas, wildlife refuges, or water A more accurate analysis would have required filters for land ownership, road access, and access to transmission. Discussions with federal, state, and local governments would also be required to determine if there were plans to designate public lands for a specific use. All of these factors would reduce the solar capacity listed in Table 2. The 6,877,055 MW total solar capacity was meant to show that the maximum solar potential of the Southwest is much more than is presently needed, not what was either possible or practical. Energy potential, however, is not meaningful unless it can be brought to market at a reasonable cost, which CSP technologies cannot currently do. DOE’s Solar Energy Technology Program has been working to reduce the cost of CSP technologies through R&D. Much of this effort has been focused on parabolic trough and dish/engine systems. The key technical challenges for parabolic trough technology relate to improving the efficiency and reducing the installed capital cost of the solar field, including the concentrator and solar receiver. To take advantage of the added value for dispatchable power, an additional challenge is to develop a low-cost energy storage system that enables utilities to generate power to meet grid demand. The key technical challenges for dish/engine technology are improving the solar collector (e.g. optics and controls) and increasing the reliability of the engine (e.g. valves, seals, and controls). DOE also developed a strategy that called for a Federal-State partnership in which DOE provides R&D support and the States provide incentives to enable deployment. DOE’s role in deployment would be to provide the States and their utilities information about CSP technology. Recent policy developments at the federal and state level have improved the commercial potential of CSP technologies. These policy changes have played a significant role in spurring the development of several CSP projects in the Southwestern U.S. In turn, cost reductions that are likely to be achieved through these projects may help lead to further CSP deployment. Recent Policy Developments At the federal level, the establishment of a 30 percent investment tax credit for qualified solar energy installations through Section 1335 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005) has helped to significantly reduce the cost of CSP projects.46 The investment tax credit currently applies to projects placed in service by December 31, 2007. 8PDF Image | 2007 Concentrating Solar Power USA DOE
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